The hydrological simulations were performed with the Wa-
tershed Simulation and Forecasting System (WSFS) developed
and operated in the Finnish Environment Institute (Vehviläinen
et al., 2005). The WSFS is used in Finland for operational hydrolog-
ical forecasting and flood warnings (www.environment.fi/water-
forecast/), regulation planning and research purposes
(Vehviläinen and Huttunen, 1997
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
) noted that Iceland had a maritime
climate that was much milder than its position on the globe might suggest. In
data from 1981–2010, Iceland annual average temperatures ranged from 6°C at the
south coast to 3°C at the north coast, with a substantially colder highland
interior. In comparison with the latitudinal average for the same period, the
coastal temperatures in Iceland are 8–10°C warmer
/climatology/iceland/climate-report
) noted that Iceland had a maritime
climate that was much milder than its position on the globe might suggest. In
data from 1981–2010, Iceland annual average temperatures ranged from 6°C at the
south coast to 3°C at the north coast, with a substantially colder highland
interior. In comparison with the latitudinal average for the same period, the
coastal temperatures in Iceland are 8–10°C warmer
/climatology/iceland/climate-report/
in Iceland
4.2.2016
Prepared by the meteorologist on duty 04.02.2016 18:36:
Strong gale or storm with moderate or extreme precipitation first in the southern part. Moderating in the southwestern parts by evening, in the southeast parts early morning
/about-imo/news/nr/3276
WNW of Straumnes and the ice was scattered.
Two observations from ships were received 29th November, on a strip at location 66°50´N - 24°36´W and at 67°00´N - 24°02´W. Wind directions were mostly from the northeast and the east, however southwesterlies occurred for a few days at the Greenland Strait
/sea-ice/monthly/2010/nr/2346
6University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 7NOAA Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
*Author for correspondence. E-mail: cmilly@usgs.gov.
An uncertain future challenges water planners.
Published by AAAS
on July 12, 201
1
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1 FEBRUARY 2008 VOL 319 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org574
POLICYFORUM
combined with opera-
tions
/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf
the report.
2 Study area and data
2.1 River basins
The region under study is located in the East fjords and the surrounding area (Fig. 1). This region
is characterised by a complex topography along the coast, Vatnajökull ice cap in the southwest
and highlands in the interior. This leads to large precipitation and temperature gradients in the
region (Crochet et al., 2007; Crochet & Jóhannesson, 2011). Eight
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_007.pdf
Occasional Paper no. 20, Center for
International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia.
Pelosi, C., M. Goulard, and G. Balent. 2010. The
spatial scale mismatch between ecological
processes and agricultural management: Do
difficulties come from underlying theoretical
frameworks? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment
139(4):455-462.
Pierre, J., editor. 2000. Debating governance:
authority
/media/loftslag/Kok_and_Veldkamp_editorial_ES-2011-4160.pdf
by 25 % in the interior of Ice-
land, where the large ice caps are located (Nawri and Björns-
son, 2010).
Before year 2010, the glacier model is forced with daily
mean records constructed from the monthly mean observed
temperature and precipitation as previously explained. Pos-
sible natural variations in the climate are important for near-
future projections as the magnitude of the expected
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
the variations in the seasonal componentsof the mass balance;
– use the model to reconstruct the mass balanceprior to 1949;
– study the sensitivity of the model to differentmodel set ups and choices of parameters;
– and study the climate sensitivity of the glacierand implications of climate change on the massbalance.
SettingStorbreen (61°36' N, 8°8' E) is located in the Jotun-heimen mountain massif
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf