increases in temperature in
2070–2099 than the standard unperturbed version (Q0) (Collins
et al., 2005). The perturbed version was simulated as part of an
ensemble of HadCM3 model where poorly constrained land sur-
face, sea ice and atmospheric parameters were slightly varied from
the values in the standard version to enable systematic sampling of
modelling uncertainties (Collins et al., 2005
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
is used when possible.
The certification of the web site advisory company Sja Ltd is based on the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) checklist, which is an international standard for access on the Internet. Sja Ltd has, in cooperation with the Organization of Disabled in Iceland, customised the checklist to suit Icelandic needs, and it has been tested by various disabled users.
Suggestions
/about-imo/the-web/accessibility/
to the hydrological community.
Monthly and yearly accumulated precipitation maps for the period 1958-2006 are available and for two defined standard periods, maps easily accessible through the following links:
30-year mean annual precipitation map for 1961-1990
30-year mean annual precipitation map for 1971-2000
30-year mean monthly precipitation maps for 1961-1990
30-year mean monthly precipitation
/weather/articles/nr/1625
The standard practice in Finland is to conduct macroseismic questionnaire surveys remotely. However,
observations have occasionally been collected at interviews and questionnaires distributed during field
trips, mainly in the 1900s. No networks of permanent correspondents have been arranged in Finland for
the purpose of macroseismic surveys, so respondents have to be found in the affected area
/media/norsem/norsem_mantyniemi.pdf
focal mechanisms is crucial. Despite the high number of stations, enough clear
polarity readings (>=6) were obtained for only about 20 strongest events (M<3.2). Hence we developed
methodology using automatic amplitude readings and the standard tools (FOCMEC, HASH) for focal
mechanism determination which are implemented in SEISAN. The methodology is tested using the
strongest events
/media/norsem/norsem_michalek.pdf
pollution and landslides that could occur without warning. Note that
the uncertainty phase declared by the Icelandic Civil Protection and Emergency
Management remains in force.The Icelandic Meteorological Office monitors
Öræfajökull, and all other active volcanoes in the country, 24 hours a day. Any
changes will be communicated immediately via standard channels
/about-imo/news/the-imo-and-the-icelandic-civile-protection-agency-reassess-the-status-for-oraefajokull
revealed.
Gas measurements
Driving toward the western side of the crater a degassing vent releasing brownish gases was identified.
The site is 10 min walking across the lava field and presents decoloration of rocks. Some gas
measurements have been done with two different type of sensors (standard personal and Alphasens
ones).
Peak concentration of 7 ppm SO2 and 9 ppm CO were observed
/media/jar/field_report_03032015.pdf
the windiest part of the year from
November to January, the observed Vg is approximately 1 m/s higher than the 10-GCM mean.
2
Fig. 1. The seasonal cycle of the geostrophic wind speeds at the grid point (60°N, 25°E), as averaged over
the years 1971-2000. The solid line shows the 10-GCM average and the shading the mean ± one
standard deviation between the model simulations. The red squares
/media/ces/CES_D2.4_task2_CMIP3_winds.pdf
). The bias is
most pronounced in summer but also exists in winter. Standard deviation of monthly mean
Ta is overestimated during summer, in particular at Station 437 (Fig. 4b) and less pronounced
at Swiss Camp (Fig. 4a). Figure 5 additionally compares monthly mean Ta from RCAO to
Illulisat and Station 437 over the time span 1981/83–2006. It becomes obvious that the large
standard deviations of summer
/media/ces/ces_geus_paakitsoq_full_report.pdf
Dashed lines encompass the V-shaped zone of tephra deposition. (c)
Oblique aerial view from west of the tephra plume at Grímsvötn on 2 November. Note the ashfall
from the plume. (Photo by M. J. Roberts.) (d) Weather radar image at 0400 UTC on 2 November.
The top portion shows its projection on an EW-vertical plane. The minimum detection height for
Grímsvötn is seen at 6 km, and the plume extends
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf