6University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 7NOAA Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
*Author for correspondence. E-mail: cmilly@usgs.gov.
An uncertain future challenges water planners.
Published by AAAS
on July 12, 201
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/media/loftslag/VanderKeur_etal-2008-Uncertainty_IWRM-WARM.pdf
probably a few meters.
An interactive 3D model of the earthquakes during the magma
intrusion. The di?rent colours represent the activity in time from
16 August to 12 September.
During the magma intrusion, intense earthquake activity related to
subsidence of the Bárðarbunga caldera was located at the caldera
rim. Over 70 earthquakes above magnitude 5 occurred in the first
four months after the onset
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
scenario, precipitation increased by 10–15% from 1961–90 to
2070–99, and by 5–10% for the lower emitting scenarios (corresponding to approximately 0.5–1%
per decade).
The CE project also examined RCM results for Iceland based on the HIRHAM model (Haugen and
Iversen, 2006). These results showed enhanced warming over the interior of Iceland compared with
the coastal zone, and a tendency for enhanced
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf
; from which
extensive data streams enter IMO and are utilized
for forecasts and research purposes.
Dissemination
The main dissemination of IMO is in the form of
forecasts and warnings; through radio, T V, direct di-
alog with stakeholders and through IMO‘s web-site
(vedur.is). Additionally, the web provides compre-
hensive real-time data on the weather, earthquakes
and deformation, as well
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
) and Jónsdóttir (2008).
Therefore, comparison of measured and simulated water balance cannot be di-
rectly used for validation of the model-generated precipitation. According to the
non-scaled MM5 output for the period 1961–1990, mean precipitation for the
whole of Iceland was 1790 mm y−1. After scaling the precipitation, this value
was reduced to 1750mm y−1, i.e. by approximately 2%. This difference
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
are largest. Positive sensible heat fluxes also occur over
the interior regions of Vatnajökull and Hofsjökull at around noon on 27 July, due to the cold
northeasterly flow over the glaciers (see Figure 10). However, along the edges and on the other
icecaps, sensible heat fluxes under clear skies are directed from the atmosphere to the snow. On 3
August, with clear skies, weak winds, and with above freezing
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf