Assessment Re-
port (AR4).
Topic 1 summarises observed changes in climate and their ef-
fects on natural and human systems, regardless of their causes, while
Topic 2 assesses the causes of the observed changes. Topic 3 pre-
sents projections of future climate change and related impacts un-
der different scenarios.
Topic 4 discusses adaptation and mitigation options over the
next few decades
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flows ...................................... 21
4.1 Area 1 and 2: Talus slope below the summit of NW-Strandartindur ................... 22
4.2 Area 3: Upper part of Þófi ........................................................................ 22
4.3 Area 4: The edge of Þófi .......................................................................... 22
4.4 Area 5 and 6: Talus slope below the summit
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2016/VI_2016_006_rs.pdf
discharge versus deterministic forecast over the period 01/09/2001–
31/08/2005. The solid line corresponds to a perfect match. For methods 1 to 4,
rescaling is applied. ...................................................................................... 31
5
6
1 Introduction
The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) is responsible for the hydrological monitoring and
issuance of flood warnings
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/VI_2013_008.pdf
that moved may be a lot more.
The water level of Öskjuvatn lake rose 1–2 m after the rockslide. The rise of the water level
will be measured precisely because it gives information on the volume of the slide. Bubbles
and muddy plumes were noticed in Víti after the slide, most likely due to subsurface inflow of
water after the water level rose in Öskjuvatn.
Askja consists of 3–4 calderas
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level, surveys commissioned by the European Com-
munity/the European Union provide an indication of trends in concern about cli-
mate change. Since 1992, such surveys have been undertaken among representative
samples of citizens in its Member States, and specifically on topics related to the
environment (Special Eurobarometers (EB) in 1992, 1995, 2002; and a Flash EB
in 2002). These have included
/media/loftslag/Lorenzoni_Pidgeon_2006.pdf