the eruption, these systems monitored erup-
tion energy, plume height and dispersion, and
ashfall areas, thus facilitating real-time hazard
assessment.
In light of Grímsvötn’s
remote location and
the small erupted volume (<0.1 km3) and
jökulhlaup size (~0.8 km3), the sensitivity and
performance of the systems applied show
great potential for monitoring future erup-
tions and jökulhlaups. Given
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