there are
indications of a displacement to the west and north after the onset of
the eruption.
Overall assessment: The intensity of the eruption has decreased slightly since its climax last
night when the magma flow have exceeded 10,000 tons per second.
The magma flow this afternoon is estimated of the order of 2-5,000
tons per second. No effusion of lava has been observed.
/media/jar/Grimsvotn_status_2011-05-22_IES_IMO.pdf
These observations suggest that a glacial outburst flood (jökulhlaup) is in progress.
It is likely that the flood originates from the western Skaftá ice cauldron, which last drained in June 2015; however this is unconfirmed until visual observations are made. The discharge of Skaftá at Sveinstindur at noon was 112 cubic metres per second.
The flood is not expected to cause any downstream disruption, although
/about-imo/news/a-minor-glacial-outburst-flood-in-skafta
part of Skaftárjökull and Tungnárjökull, where floodwater could burst through the surface.
Background
Floods in Skaftá are sourced from two ice cauldrons, formed due to persistent geothermal activity beneath Vatnajökull ice-cap. On average, the cauldrons drain every two years, producing floods of up to 1,500 cubic metres per second. When the interval between floods is short the flood tends
/about-imo/news/nr/2722
of up to 1,500 cubic metres per second. When the interval between floods is short, the flood tends to be smaller. For lates information, see remark.
These photographs were taken by Reynir Ragnarsson yesterday afternoon, 20 January 2014:
Towards east: Skaftá, Kirkjubæjarklaustur, Systravatn, Systrafoss, Nýibær.
Towards northeast: Skaftá, Rásin, Hunkubakkar, Ytri-Dalbær.
River Skaftá below
/about-imo/news/nr/2823
The event originates from the subglacial lake Grímsvötn. The event is expected to be small, with maximum discharge on the order of magnitude 1000 cubic meters per second. The maximum of the flood is expected to be around the end of the week.
Conductivity measurements indicate a considerable increase of geothermal contribution to the water of the river. Simultaneously, the ice on the subglacial lake
/about-imo/news/nr/2859
and March 2014. The maximum discharge of the flood is therefore expected to be less than 700 cubic metres per second, occurring towards the middle of the week.
Potentially hazardous levels of hydrogen sulphide gas could be present at the location where floodwater bursts from Skeiðarárjökull. In the immediate vicinity of the outlet, gas concentrations could be high enough to cause respiratory problems
/about-imo/news/nr/3135
Floods in Skaftá are sourced from two ice cauldrons, formed due to persistent geothermal activity beneath Vatnajökull. On average, the cauldrons drain every two years, producing floods of up to 1,500 cubic metres per second. When the interval between floods is short the flood tends to be smaller. The eastern cauldron is responsible for the largest floods.
Earlier events and research
June 2015
/about-imo/news/nr/3199
thickness is 10-12 meters and estimated volume of eruptive material 22-24 million cubic meters (only one fifth of Hekla 2000).
Accordingly, the average flow rate has been approximately 15 cubic meters per second since the eruption began. The eruptive cone stands 82 m above previous ground level and the highest peak is 1067 m a.s.l.
On their web-site, explanatory photographs can be found (pdf 1.1 Mb
/about-imo/news/nr/1862
of up to 1,500 cubic metres per second. When the interval between floods is short, the flood tends to be smaller. For lates information, see remark.
These photographs were taken by Reynir Ragnarsson yesterday afternoon, 20 January 2014:
Towards east: Skaftá, Kirkjubæjarklaustur, Systravatn, Systrafoss, Nýibær.
Towards northeast: Skaftá, Rásin, Hunkubakkar, Ytri-Dalbær.
River Skaftá below
/about-imo/news/nr/2823/
with a welcome from Dong Energy and presentations on new challenges in renewable energy and on COP 15. In the next session, PI’s of each working group presented the status of the work ending with a discussion on the progress and the implementation plan. The second day the working groups split into breakout sessions where the groups could focus on their detailed plan. In a poster session preliminary
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