September. In the area, farmers lost thousands of sheep in spite of
extensive effort to salvage this livestock, which was due to be hearded from the summer
pastures a few days later. Icing on power supply lines led to considerable damage and power
outages in the area as well as traffic disruptions.
The weather during the first two weeks of November was very stormy and there were
unseasonably
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skylduskil/ved-eng-2012.pdf
Snorrason, Director General of the
IMO. The new
supercomputer can perform 4,000 trillion calculations per second, which is more
than half a million calculations per second for every person on the planet. It
will handle state of the art weather models with more than 6 million lines of
code –the Mars Curiosity Rover was built on 5 million- which will produce high
resolution weather predictions
/about-imo/news/joining-forces-in-weather-forecasting-and-climate-research
affect roads and other communication lines, and changes that affect travellers in highland areas and the tourist industry.
Glaciers cover about 11% of the area of Iceland and they receive about 20% of the precipitation that falls on the country. They store the equivalent of 15-20 years of annual average precipitation over the whole country as ice. Substantial changes in the volume of glacier ice may
/ces/project/hydropower_snow_ice/
applied but is gaining
interest
June 2010 8
Renewable energy
• UK network – designed for large,
centralised thermal generation
• Increased levels of renewable
generation
– ‘Distributed’ generation
– Generation often in places where
population is low and network is currently
sparse
– Higher levels of flow on lower voltage
lines may lead to breaches of thermal
limits or the need to constrain
/media/ces/Cradden_Lucy_CES_2010.pdf
the largest in North America from 1971
square4 Watershed 177,000 km²
square4 3,000 km of new roads
square4 7 transmissions lines + 7,000 km(735 kV)
square4 9 reservoirs, total area ± 14,000 km2
square4 9 power plants : 16,500 MW
square4 +2 under construction: 17,500 MW
square4 A first and a last
A
La Grande-2 and La Grande-2A
Electricity Consumption / Capita
( kWh, 2005)
Aluminium (90
/media/ces/Demers_Claude_CES_2010.pdf
to c. 10% increase
Uncertainty related to choice of GCM
• Changing seasonality (2021-2050 vs 1961-1990)
in Sweden
T2m Precipitation Wind speed
Colored lines represent averages over RCMs forced by the same GCM
Gray field is max/min of all RCM simulations
An example of CC in the next few decades
2011-2040
vs
1961-1990
Why are differences between ensemble
members so large?
Winter (DJF)
M
S
L
P
T
2
/media/ces/Kjellstrom_Erik_CES_2010.pdf
outlined with black, thin lines (after Einarsson and Sæmundsson, 1987). The ridge segments offshore and the
two transform zones are drawn as black broken lines. Abbreviations refer to main text. The Tjörnes fracture
zone (TFZ) is composed of three lineaments: the Grímsey lineament (GL), the Húsavík-Flatey fault (HFF)
and the less active Dalvík lineament (DL).
Through centuries, large earthquakes
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2010/2010_003rs.pdf
-DEM (5x5 m
spatial resolution with accuracy <2 m in elevation) was used as a reference map for co-
registering and offset-correction of the HRS-DEMs (40x40 m) and the DMA-DEMs (40x40 m
interpolated from 20 m contour lines). The average specific mass balance was estimated as
the mean elevation difference between glaciated areas of the DEMs. The glacier mass
balance declined significantly between
/media/ces/glacier_mass_balance_poster.pdf