on the homogenised ERA-40 / ERA-Interim
data, are shown in Figure 3. As found in earlier studies (e.g., Serreze, Box, Barry, & Walsh,
1993; Serreze, Carse, Barry, & Rogers, 1997), the Icelandic Low is the dominant feature of the
seasonal low-level circulation across the northern North Atlantic. It is situated southwest of Ice-
land, downstream of a well-developed mean upper-level trough during
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
planning
The set of seven questions is presented below in the text box. The synthesis of the discussion
is however not purely organized in seven steps, as many issues re-appeared in the answering
of different questions. Furthermore, various questions, notably no.1 and 2 require in fact joint
consideration or stepwise answering, implying that the questions should be several times
revisited
/media/vedurstofan/NONAM_1st_workshop_summary_v3.pdf
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/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
than can be expected to originate from the cauldrons, three to four times the wa-
ter equivalent of the accumulation of snow over the watershed of the cauldrons. It has
been estimated that flow from the cauldrons, in addition to the jökulhlaups, could be
2–5 m3 s 1 at maximum (Vatnaskil, 2005). It is possible that part of the sulfate-rich
groundwater from the glacier comes from the cauldrons
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
scenario
development, with an example from Brazil
Kasper Kok *
Land Dynamics, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
1. Introduction
The world is undergoing rapid changes while globalising
constantly, which gives the consideration of the future new
urgency and importance. Scenario development has emerged as a
key method when taking
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
equations are valid only if the following conditions are
met: (1) the uncertainties have Gaussian (normal) distribu-
tions; (2) the uncertainties for non-linear models are relatively
small: the standard deviation divided by the mean value is less
than 0.3; and (3) the uncertainties have no significant
covariance.
The error propagation equations for the most common oper-
ators can be seen in Box 1
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf
), and the National Energy
Authority (Orkustofnun).
3 Model terrain and surface type
The HARMONIE model dominant surface type and terrain elevation are shown in Figures 1
and 2, respectively. Surface type is specified in SURFEX by the global land surface database
ECOCLIMAP-I (Champeaux et al., 2005). Within each grid box, ground coverage is represented
by fractions of one for each category of surface type
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
should be incorporated
into decision support systems and tools to capture the
and the complexity of water management as it is seen from
different mental frames and interest group positions should
be used in adaptive water management.
The broad range of tools available for integrated water
resource management (IWRM) includes e.g. GWP Tool-
box, HarmoniCA/Catchmod tools, decision support sys-
tems
/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf
the location of the mass balance
stakes at Breiðamerkurjökull (Bre). The red box indicates the posi-
tion of the frame to the right. (C) Hoffellsjökull surface topography
in 2001. The ice divide and the model domain are indicated with the
red curve enclosing a glaciated area of ∼212 km2 in 2001. Black
triangles show the locations of automatic weather stations on the
glacier. N is the location
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf