by season (%) between
1991-2007 and 1961-1990 in the Baltic countries
1
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/media/ces/ces_SA_group_flyer_new.pdf
FOREST BIOMASS FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION –
POTENTIALS, MANAGEMENT AND RISKS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE
Ashraful Alam, Antti Kilpeläinen, Seppo Kellomäki
School of Forest Sciences,
University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu
F t Cli t d R bl E I t Ri k d Ad t tiu ure Cl ma e an enewa e nergy – mpac s, s s an ap a on
Oslo, Norway
2 June, 2010
Contents
• Forestry in Finland
• Challenges
• Objectives
/media/ces/Alam_Ashraful_CES_2010.pdf
and Chemistry of the Earth, Special Issue: COST Action (Accepted for publication).
Jónsdóttir, J. F., Uvo, C. B. & Clarke, R. T. (2008). Filling gaps in measured discharge series with model-generated series. Technical Notes. Journal of Hydrological Engineering, 13, 9, 905-909.
Jónsdóttir, J. F., Uvo, C. B. & Clarke, R. T. (2008). Trend analysis in Icelandic discharge, temperature and precipitation series
/ces/publications/nr/1943
Withdrawal
Reliability
Grand Coulee
Recreation
Reliability
R
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
(
%
,
m
o
n
t
h
l
y
b
a
s
e
d
)
Control
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
RCM
2040-2069
60
80
100
120
140
Firm
Hydropower
Annual Flow
Deficit at
McNary
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
o
f
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
R
u
n
C
l
i
m
a
t
e
PCM Control Climate and
Current Operations
PCM Projected Climate
and Current Operations
PCM Projected
/media/ces/Lettenmaier_Dennis_CES_2010pdf.pdf
which are significantly lower com-
pared with similar beginning and end years. Consequently, for the 2004–50 period, the average
RCM warming rates of 0.29 K per decade over the ocean, and 0.35 K per decade over the land are
somewhat larger than for the reduced IPCC ensemble mean.
Additionally, the tabulated values of SAT differences between the 1961–90 control period and
either the 2021–50
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf
with 20% and 2% for the HIRHAM experiments
using HadAM3H and with 30% and 7% for the ECHAM-
driven experiments for Middle Europe and Scandinavia,
respectively.
[18] RCM output is not available for the entire period
1961–2100 because transient RCM simulations are com-
putationally very demanding. Instead two 30-year time
slices are available; one representative for the climate in
the period 1961–1990
/media/loftslag/vanRoosmalen_etal-2009-WRR_2007WR006760.pdf
Based on a report by
Verta et al. (2007)
92.
5
93.
0
93.
5
94.
0
94.
5
95.
0
M A MJ F J J A S O N D
Mean 19702000
Min and max 1970–2000,
natural rating curve
Target water level zone 1
Target water level zone 2
Q=+20%
Q=+10%
Q= 0%
Q=15%
Q=30%
92.90 m snow target 1
92.70 m snow target 2
Water level (m
)
Month
the regulation limits Lake Syväri has target water level zones, which are not legally
/media/ces/Water_resources_man_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
is required in which the concepts of scale and
governance are framed such that a broad variety of
stakeholders can join the debate and/or the decision
making process.
Responses to this article can be read online at:
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol16/iss2/art23/
responses/
LITERATURE CITED
Allen, T. F. H., and T.B. Starr. 1982. Hierarchy-
perspectives for ecological complexity. University
/media/loftslag/Kok_and_Veldkamp_editorial_ES-2011-4160.pdf