and Jóhannesson (2011), from the manual observation network. These
gridded temperature data are calculated with a tension-spline interpolation after correction
for elevation, using a 1-km Digital Terrain Model and a constant lapse-rate of
-6.5°C/km. The result of this comparison showed that the MM5 temperature data were
systematically higher than observed as shown in Table 3 and on Figure 5
/media/ces/2010_017.pdf
in Nawri et al. (2012b) (see the appendix
there).
To evaluate the representativeness of the model terrain in different parts of Iceland, a digital
elevation model (DEM) with a 100 100 m resolution is used. This DEM was produced in
2004 by IMO, the National Land Survey of Iceland (Landmælingar Íslands, LMI), the Science
Institute of the University of Iceland (Raunvísindastofnun Háskólans
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
recur in the next 25 years. By estimating strain release in historical earthquakes since 1700,
Stefánsson and Halldórsson (1988) suggested that the next large earthquake in the SISZ
would take place near to 20.3-20.4°W. Also, using data sampled by the digital seismic
network in Iceland, SIL, from July 1991 to February 1992, Stefánsson et al. (1993) also
discovered two concentrations of recent
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2010/2010_003rs.pdf
A 1x1 km digital elevation model derived from a 500 m DEM (Icelandic Meteorological Of-
fice, National Land Survey of Iceland, Science Institute, University of Iceland, and National
Energy Authority. 2004), a soil map from the Agricultural University of Iceland and a map of
the bedrock geology from the Icelandic Institute of Natural History (Jarðfræðikort af Íslandi -
Berggrunnur - 1:600.000 - NI
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information on these stations is also included in the table.
Station information Digital data Altitude North East No ofNo. Name From (m a.s.l.) To (°) (°) Region r r2 values
15720 Bråtå-Slettom1 01.09.1950 01.06.1998 712 61.91 7.86 East – – – 15730 Bråtå2 01.11.1998 – 664 61.90 7.90 East 0.90 0.80 180316540 Dombås- Kirkenær 01.07.1972 01.05.1976 645 62.08 9.13 East – – –16550 Dombås / Dombås II
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
different
locations. The results are also presented in map form, both within this report and via a
forthcoming website intended for environmental and civil engineers. Note that the website is
scheduled for release in 2022; those requiring a digital copy of the revised 1M5 maps should
contact IMO via https://www.vedur.is/. The research was funded by Ofanflóðasjóður – Iceland’s
National Snow
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_008.pdf
calculated on a 1x1
km grid for the period 1961 to 2006, were used in this study to run the hydrological model and
for the development of the index flood method (see below). Wind-speed, vapor pressure and
incoming short wave radiation were obtained from the MM5 NWP model (Grell et al. 1995) at
approximately 8 km resolution and interpolated to the 1x1 km grid.
2.4 GIS data
A 1 km digital elevation
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_001.pdf
dataset
was obtained by gridding precipitation anomaly at raingauge stations with a spline interpolation
and multiplying the resulting maps with the corresponding 30-year mean monthly precipitation
maps derived with an orographic precipitation model (Crochet et al., 2007).
2.4 Other data
A 1x1 km digital elevation model derived from a 500 m DEM (Icelandic Meteorological Office,
National Land Survey
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_007.pdf