for the airlines. In the 1990's, to address the problem of hazard due to
volcanic ash encounter the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
established consultant centers around the world for advice regarding ash
dispersal. These are the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAAC) and they are
currently nine worldwide: Anchorage, Buenos Aires, Darwin,
London, Montreal,
Tokyo, Toulouse, Washington
/volcanoes/volcanic-hazards/volcanic-emissions/