.............................................................................................. 45
5.3 Present weather ..................................................................................... 45
Appendix ......................................................................................................... 47
5
List of Figures
1 How PWD22 determines the type of precipitation. ........................................ 11
2 Number of records as a function of the height
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2019/VI_2019_009.pdf
– Energy market aspects
• Scale:
– Total: 20.8 MNOK
– TFI: 12.3 MNOK
Estimated Global Sea level rise
Vermeer and Rahmstorf 2009
Estimated Global Sea level rise at
2100
Rahmstorf 2010
Deformation of Iceland due to mass
loss from glaciers
Þ. Árnadóttir et al., GJI, 177
Area of inundation: 1m sea level rise
Stability of Arctic Land Ice: SVALI
• CES Snow and Ice Group
• Many partners from the Nordic
/media/ces/Snorrason_Arni_CES_2010.pdf
are the main knowledge gaps?
o How is this knowledge acquired? (new data, modelling studies, stakeholder processes,
research, etc.)
o What are the expected main climate change effects for this case?
2. Uncertainty
o What are the main uncertainties on climate change effects?
o Prepare a survey of the main uncertainties, their characteristics and describe how to deal
with the different
/media/loftslag/Horsens_breakout_12August.pdf
is intended to avoid. The strategy
to distribute the reduction in ice-covered area with elevation so that a predefined value for the
response time of the glaciers is maintained, as described in the previous section, should however
lead to a roughly realistic description of the most important feedbacks.
The strategy to use a single physically-based estimate for the response time for each glacier
group
/media/ces/ces-glacier-scaling-memo2009-01.pdf
is to identify where uncertain conditions emerge and how
such uncertainties can be identified and characterised in current integrated water resources
management (IWRM) systems. The developed framework is illustrated for a current IWRM
regime for the Rhine river basin.
2 Uncertainty Terminology
2.1 Uncertainty Terminology and Classification Adopted in the Present Paper
Uncertainty is defined
/media/loftslag/VanderKeur_etal-2008-Uncertainty_IWRM-WARM.pdf
niche-finding refers to the question of how to
introduce an informal participatory process into a
relatively rigid and strongly structured administrative
environment, and thus how to find a niche in a given
community. We consider a niche as a space that is
protected from the dominant regime and which
enables actors to develop and apply an innovative
management style without immediate or direct
/media/loftslag/Daniell_etal-2010.pdf
basic forms of participatory modelling, identied by classifying
nine example participatory modelling processes. The second part considers the potential
widespread adoption of participatory modelling by resource managers in the water sector,
concluding that this potential is low. It proposes recommendations as to how the potential
for the adoption of participatory modelling by water managers can
/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
analyzes real-time data and creates an alert or warning about
volcanic tremor. The most difficult aspect of creating an efficient volcanic tremor detector is
isolating the desirable signals from unwanted, non-volcanic sources that can appear at multiple
frequency bands and trigger the warning module. For instance, a detector for volcanic tremor
should avoid triggering with storm tremor, which rises
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2021/VI_2021_008.pdf
lines show the median of each set and the boxes include
measurements from the first to third quartile.
Figure 8. PGV residuals as a function of distance, colored according to the five groups of
instrument types.
23
7 Attenuation relations including a near-source effect
To account for the near-source attenuation described by e.g. Campbell (1981), and to avoid the
singularity
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_012.pdf
Grain size distribution from heimaey 1973 eruption ..................................................... …64
D. Age of vents relative to best fit line ............................................................................... …65
E. Weight-bearing capacity of homes in heimaey .............................................................. …67
F. How to contextualize the probabilities given
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_011_en.pdf