with 20% and 2% for the HIRHAM experiments
using HadAM3H and with 30% and 7% for the ECHAM-
driven experiments for Middle Europe and Scandinavia,
respectively.
[18] RCM output is not available for the entire period
1961–2100 because transient RCM simulations are com-
putationally very demanding. Instead two 30-year time
slices are available; one representative for the climate in
the period 1961–1990
/media/loftslag/vanRoosmalen_etal-2009-WRR_2007WR006760.pdf
&
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/media/loftslag/programme2---PhD-Workshop-preceding-Adaptation-Research-Conference.pdf
in an overall
cold bias, compared with station measurements. To test, whether this is due to the HARMONIE
model core or the external surface scheme, biases of 2-m temperature from SURFEX are com-
pared with biases of temperature projected from the lowest two model levels to 2 mAGL. It is
found that the negative temperature biases are due to shallow inversion layers near the ground,
which are introduced
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
Radic, V., Roald, L. A., Rosberg, J., Rogozova, S., Sigurðsson, O., Suomalainen, M., Thorsteinsson, T., Vehviläinen, B., & Veijalainen, N. (2007). Impacts of climate change on river runoff, glaciers and hydropower in the Nordic area. Joint final report from the CE Hydrological Models and Snow and Ice Groups. Reykjavík: Climate and Energy [Report (high resolution 15 MB)] [Report (low resolution 4 MB
/climatology/research/ce/publications/
: to use or not to use?
*O'Neill, R. V., and A. W. King. 1998, Homage to St. Michael; or, why are there so
many books on scale?: Pages 3–15 in D. L. Peterson and V. T. Parker (editors).
Ecological scale: theory and applications. Columbia University Press, New York.
• Robert O’Neill questions the unifying capabilities*
• Aspects of the land use system have different scale properties
• To use
/media/loftslag/Kok_1-scenarios-lecture-1.pdf
). Locations of the weather sta-
tions, used to reconstruct the temperature and precipitation records,
are shown with letters: Reykjavík (R), Fagurhólmýri (F), Hæll (H),
Stykkishólmur (S), Teigarhorn (T), Vestamannaeyjar (V), Akureyri
(A) and Hólar in Hornafjörður (HH). (B) The surface topography of
Vatnajökull ice cap. Dots show the sites of mass balance and veloc-
ity measurements, blue dots show
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
61, 1-18.
Oddur Sigurðsson (2011). Iceland glaciers. Í: V. P. Singh, P. Singh & U. K. Haritashya (ritstj.). Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers. Springer, Dordrecht, s. 630-636.
Árni Snorrason, Jórunn Harðardóttir & Þorsteinn Þorsteinsson (2011). Climate and Energy Systems – Project Structure. In: Þorsteinn Þorsteinsson & Halldór Björnsson (eds.), Climate Change and Energy Systems. Impacts
/about-imo/arctic/completed-projects/publications/
• Analyse future snow scenarios
Introduction Data & Methods Results
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/media/ces/Dyrrdal_Anita_CES_2010.pdf
vuosille 2010–2040; Trafi 3/2010
Shares of elderly drivers without accidents and/or fines (in the previous year)
by age category, and comparison with very young drivers
Source: Mikkonen, V. (2010), Seniorikuljettajien seurantaindeksi, Trafi 5/2010
Aggregate risk of motor vehicle collision (per million vehicle km) in Finland (“dry”
road vs. icy/snowy road surface) (2003-2006).
(a) Based
/media/loftslag/Case_B___Road_transport_operation_and_infrastructure_planning.pdf