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/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
and ice caps may be derived from data about the area distribution of ice bodies in the drainage
basin. Since the exponents g in the volume–area scalings v = csg for both ice caps and glaciers
TóJ 3 5.12.2009
Memo
Area (km2)
Volume
(km
3 )
50
100
50
100
150
200
250
50
100
150
200
250
a71
a71a71
a71
a71
10 50 500 500020 1000
1
5
10
0
100
0
2
2
0
20
0
200
0
100 10000
Icelandic ice
/media/ces/ces-glacier-scaling-memo2009-01.pdf
wide and
1000 m long shelf called Þófi, terminating at 80–100 m a.s.l., see Map 4. The inclination of
the shelf is 15 on average. The surface of Þófi is covered with unconsolidated glacial till and
landslide deposits and marked with five gullies. The brook called Þófalækur near the middle of
the shelf divides it into an inner and outer part. On the outermost part of the shelf, there is a small
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2016/VI_2016_006_rs.pdf
the event than in the previous eruption, but more lava is being extruded.
At 07 AM the lava flow was around 1 km wide and 3 km long towards northeast. The thickness was estimated a few meters, the flow about 1000 m3 pr second.
Approximately 500 earthquakes were detected in the area and smaller than before. The strongest earthquake, M3.8 was in the Bárðarbunga caldera. Poor weather conditions prevail
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3000
orders of magnitude larger than retardation in ice. The recession
constant for the firn is therefore dominant in shaping the seasonal discharge from the glacier.
The final value of the recession constant for firn as 30 h is low compared to recommended
range which is 100–1000 h (Shulla & Jasper, 2007) and values found for other glaciers
(Hock, 1998). The annual discharge peak from the glacier
/media/ces/2010_017.pdf
It
was detected on Míla´s web-camera at 05:51 AM. Fewer earthquakes seem to follow
the event than in the previous eruption, but more lava is being extruded.
At 07 AM the lava flow was around 1 km wide and 3 km long towards northeast. The
thickness was estimated a few meters, the flow about 1000 m3 pr second.
Approximately 500 earthquakes were detected in the area and smaller than before
/media/jar/Bardarbunga-2014_August-events.pdf
the event than in the previous eruption, but more lava is being extruded.
At 07 AM the lava flow was around 1 km wide and 3 km long towards northeast. The thickness was estimated a few meters, the flow about 1000 m3 pr second.
Approximately 500 earthquakes were detected in the area and smaller than before. The strongest earthquake, M3.8 was in the Bárðarbunga caldera. Poor weather conditions prevail
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3000/
that is lost from the main river course as further discussed in
the main text.
from the eastern cauldron are normally larger. They most often rise in one to two
days reaching maximum discharge in excess of 1000 m3 s 1. Maximum discharge of
nearly 2000 m3 s 1 has been measured. This discharge peak, which is much higher
than the normal discharge of Skaftá, lasts for three to four days (Zóphóníasson
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
Sömu nótt féllu einnig snjóflóð í Öxnadal (Halldór G. Pétursson o.fl.,
2005). Vitað er að snjóflóð, sem drap 25 kindur, eyðilagði fjárhús og skemmdi hey þennan dag
á bænum Skjaldarstöðum í Öxnadal, var krapaflóð. Það orskaðist af því að lækur fyrir ofan
fjárhúsin hljóp fram.
15
Mynd 4. Veður á Atlantshafi 15.–17. febrúar 1943. Kortin sýna hæð 1000 hPa jafnþrýsti-
flatar yfir yfirborði jarðar
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2010/VI2010-006_web.pdf
with Maximum Likelihood
Estimation. From Massad et al., 2020.
6
Figure 2 – Distribution of annual rainfall (mm year-1) in Iceland for the period 1981 –
2010. Solid lines show the 1000, 3000, and 5000 mm year-1 values. Results based on the
ICRA dataset. From Björnsson et al., 2018.
7
2 Study area
Eleven hydropower catchments operated by Landsvirkjun were selected for this study
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2022/VI_2022_006_extreme.pdf