are from Björnsson et
al. (1998, 2002) and Pálsson et al. (2002a,b, 2004b,c,d) Data for Langjökull ice cap are from
Björnsson et al. (2002) and Pálsson et al. (2004a). As yet unpublished data for the past few
winters are from Björnsson and Pálsson.
and/or winter ablation into account as mentioned above. The model shows least
skill on Langjökull ice cap (ρ= 0.50; 0.14) where it has an RMS error
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_91.pdf
Processes in South-West Iceland
Kristín S. Vogfjörd, Einar Kjartansson, Ragnar Slunga, Páll Halldórsson, Sigurlaug Hjaltadóttir, Gunnar B. Gudmundsson o.fl.
83 pp
3,2 Mb
2010-005
Surface Air Temperature and Precipitation Trends for Iceland in the 21st Century
Nikolai Nawri & Halldór Björnsson
42 pp
2,9 Mb
2010-003
Use of relatively located microearthquakes to map fault patterns
/about-imo/publications/2010/
Grímsvötn volcano
Status Report: 17:00 GMT, 5 November 2010
Icelandic Meteorological Office and Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland
Compiled by: Thorunn Skaftadottir, Eyjólfur Magnússon, Snorri Zophoniasson,
Steinunn S. Jakobsdottir, Gunnar B. Gudmundsson and Matthew J.
Roberts.
Based on: IMO seismic monitoring; IMO hydrological data; IES-IMO GPS
monitoring.
Meltwater
/media/vatnafar/flod/Grimsvotn_status_2010-11-05_IES_IMO.pdf
on the
Shifts of climatic
zones from
cooler or wetter
to warmer or
drier
(a) 1971-2000 (b) 2010-39 A1B
observational data set
(0.25º grid) from Haylock
et al. (2008)
(b-d) Based on CMIP3
GCM runs for A1B
& the delta-change
method
(c) 2040-69 A1B (d) 2070-99 A1B
Jylhä et al. (2010)
Uncertainties in climate change schematically
Observed
climate
Future
climate Natural
/media/loftslag/Case_B___Road_transport_operation_and_infrastructure_planning.pdf
of melt water from glaciated
areas in long integrations for a warming climate.
Glacier dynamics
This problem can be qualitatively analysed by considering the continuity equation for ice vol-
ume, which may be expressed as
¶h
¶t
+
¶q
¶x
= b or
¶h
¶t
+~ ~q = b ; (1)
for a one-dimensional ice flow channel or an ice cap that flows in two horizontal dimensions,
respectively. h is ice thickness, q or ~q
/media/ces/ces-glacier-scaling-memo2009-01.pdf
on average sea level and on regional weather systems. It is
defined here as the highest 1% of hourly values of observed sea level at a station for a given reference period.
31
Topic 1 Observed changes in climate and their effects
(a) Global average surface temperature
(b) Global average sea level
(c) Northern Hemisphere snow cover
Figure 1.1. Observed changes in (a) global average surface temperature
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
h
stat
us
an
d
goal
s
Locat
io
n
—
u
n
ce
rta
in
tie
s
re
la
te
d
to
So
urc
e
o
fun
certaint
y
Natur
e
(1)/typ
e(2
)o
f
u
n
ce
rta
in
ty
Co
mment
s
R
hin
e
at
(su
b-)
catch
m
en
tleve
l
W
at
er
re
so
u
rc
es
issu
es
Id
en
tif
ica
tio
n
an
d
pr
io
rit
y
settin
g
o
fu
rge
nt
wat
er
re
so
u
rc
es
pr
ob
le
m
s;
co
n
fli
ct
in
g
in
te
re
sts
amon
g
sector
s
an
d
stakeh
older
s
M
ul
tip
le
fra
m
es
(so
/media/loftslag/VanderKeur_etal-2008-Uncertainty_IWRM-WARM.pdf