)
Annual
Winter
Summer
• Accounts for natural
variability and differences
between climate models
Width of the distribution primarily determined by
natural temperature variability: larger in winter than in summer.
Winter Summer Annual
Best estimate (ºC) 1.3 0.7 1.0
5-95% uncertainty range (ºC) -0.5…+3.1 -0.2…+1.6 0.0…+1.8
Probability of warming (%) 90% 90% 96%
Ref: Räisänen and Ruokolainen (2007
/media/loftslag/Case_B___Road_transport_operation_and_infrastructure_planning.pdf
or about 20 percent above the 1961 to 1990 mean. The precipitation was especially heavy in the North and East. At Akureyri 743.7 mm, or 50 percent above the mean. This is the highest annual sum since the beginning of registration in 1928 (although it is only a few mm more than measured in 1989).
Table 2. Precipitation overview 2014
station
total mm
1961-1990 %
2004-2013 %
max 24-hr mm
/about-imo/news/nr/3082
or about 20 percent above the 1961 to 1990 mean. The precipitation was especially
heavy in the North and East. At Akureyri 743.7 mm, or 50 percent above the mean. This is the
highest annual sum since the beginning of registration in 1928 (although it is only a few mm
more than measured in 1989).
Table 2. Precipitation overview 2014
station
total
mm
1961-1990
%
2004-2013
%
max
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skylduskil/ved-eng-2014.pdf
11 / 12 MPI-ESM-LR REMO2009 45 / 85
13 / 14 IHCEC-EC-Earth RCA4 45 / 85
15 / 16 IHCEC-EC-Earth COSMO-CLM4-8-17 45 / 85
17 / 18 CNRM-CERFACS-CM5 RCA4 45 / 85
19 / 20 CNRM-CERFACS-CM5 COSMO-CLM4-8-17 45 / 85
11
3 Which domain, resolution, and models of the CORDEX
project should be selected for the analysis of 21st
century climate change in Iceland?
The subject of this chapter
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2017/VI_2017_009.pdf
and
how future climate change within the next 20–30 years can impact these resources.
In the future, an increase in the utilization of various sources of bioenergy will increase in Nordic
countries. This raises a question what is the biomass production potential of forests now and in the
future and how sustainable the energy production based on biomass are owing to possible large-scale
harvestings
/media/ces/CES_BioFuels_Flyer_new.pdf