/breakthrough curves
West East
Model C
Model A
Model B
Fractured clay/
Toplayer
Sand Clayey till Limestone SelandienLimestone
0 20 40 60
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
N
or
m
al
is
ed
c
on
ce
nt
ra
ti
on
0 20 40 60 80 100
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 40 80 120 160 200
Time in years
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
N
or
m
al
is
ed
c
on
ce
nt
ra
ti
on
0 100 200 300
Time in years
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Model A Model B Model C
Simulated
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_2-uncertainty.pdf
(see e.g.
Steg, 2003). In studies from several countries, push
measures are perceived as less acceptable compared to
pull measures (e.g. Ho¨lzer, 2003; Rienstra, Rietveld, &
Verhoef, 1999; Steg & Vlek, 1997). For example, in a
European study, over 90% of the car users supported
improved public transport and park-and-ride schemes,
while less than 20% approved of reduced parking space
and cordon
/media/loftslag/Eriksson_Garvill_Nordlund_2006.pdf
emission scenario were even
greater, on average 5.1% units (Fig. 5), indicating that the GCMs are
a greater source of uncertainty than the choice of emission sce-
nario or RCM.
The flow regimes in different regions in Finland are demon-
strated with the five example hydrographs of the reference period
and of 2070–2099 (Fig. 8a–e, see Fig. 1c for locations). In northern
(Fig. 8a) and central (Fig. 8b/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
(2011) Horsens Fjord Case. Background document for case study, 18 pp.
Refsgaard JC, Henriksen HJ (2011) Horsens case - Break out groups. Tasks for group work. 3 pp.
Lorenzoni I, Pidgeon NF (2006). Public views on climate change: European and USA perspectives. Climatic Change, 77, 73-95. DOI: 10.1007/s10584-006-9072-z
Stern PC (2000). Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior
/media/vedurstofan/PhD_course-Programme_26Aug2011-final.pdf
& Höskuldsson, 2008; Thordarson & Larsen,
2007). Highly active volcanic systems as Hekla, Katla, Bárðarbunga and Grímsvötn, have
explosive eruptions rates of 82%, 97%, 90% and 95%, respectively (Gudmundsson & Larsen,
2016; Larsen & Gudmundsson, 2016b, 2016a; Larsen & Thordarson, 2016). Volcanic eruptions
are quite common in Iceland and occur on average every two to five years (Larsen & Eiríksson
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_004.pdf
11 / 12 MPI-ESM-LR REMO2009 45 / 85
13 / 14 IHCEC-EC-Earth RCA4 45 / 85
15 / 16 IHCEC-EC-Earth COSMO-CLM4-8-17 45 / 85
17 / 18 CNRM-CERFACS-CM5 RCA4 45 / 85
19 / 20 CNRM-CERFACS-CM5 COSMO-CLM4-8-17 45 / 85
11
3 Which domain, resolution, and models of the CORDEX
project should be selected for the analysis of 21st
century climate change in Iceland?
The subject of this chapter
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2017/VI_2017_009.pdf