2015, 2025, 2035 and 2050
North (Blanda) East (Karahnjukar) South (Thorisvatn)
Change in average inflow to the main storage reservoirs
Watershed
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
i
n
f
l
o
w
[
m
3
/
s
]
0
2
0
4
0
6
0
8
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
Last 50 years
Last 20 years
Last 15 years
Last 10 years
Last 5 years
Temperature corrected
Transformation of climate measurements
•Change in temperature
• 0.75 °C/100y 1950-1975
• 1.55
/media/ces/Linnet_Ulfar_CES_2010.pdf
is defined as a 24 hour period where the simulations are
dry (rmm5 ≤ 0.1) but the observations are wet (robs > 0.1). Figure 5 shows the
percentage of missing events during the summer months (JJA) at each of the
observation stations. There is higher probability of missing events during sum-
mer than in winter (map not shown). In Fig. 6 the precipitation during missing
Figure 3: Ratio [%] of "false alarms
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
and thinning during the
20th century. The radio-echo sounding (RES) line network and sites
of RES point survey is shown in (E). The red line is the 2001 ice
divide for Hoffellsjökull (212 km2).
The most accurate glacier DEM is created from the air-
borne LiDAR survey conducted in the autumn of 2010
(5× 5 m pixel resolution, with an accuracy of <20 cm in el-
evation and <0.5 m in position, Fig. 3). It is used
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
line corresponds
to the regional growth curve.
26
−2 0 2 4 6
0
1
2
3
4
−ln(−ln(1−1/T))
q(T
)=
Q(
T)
/E
[Q
]
1 2 5 10 20 50 100
T (years)
ROI − growth curves
l
l
l
l
vhm102
vhm238
vhm233
vhm59
REF: vhm116
ROI−Regional
95% CI
l
l l l
l l l l
l l l
l
l l l
l
l
l l
l
l l
l
l l
l
l
ll
l l l l
l l l
l
l l
l
l
l
l
l
l l
l
l l l
l l l l
l
l l
l l
l
l
l
l lll
ll
lll
lll
lll
llll
l l
ll
lllll
l
l l
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
/lexuriserv/lexuriserv.do?uri=com:2007:0002:FIN:EN:PDF, 13
April 2009.
[2] WTO, World Tourism Organization (2008): “Climate Change and Tourism -
Responding to Global Challenges”, UNWTO, 9 July 2008, Madrid, Spain.
Available at:
http://www.unwto.org/media/news/en/press_det.php?id=1411&idioma=E, 7
March 2010.
[3] Mooney, J.E. y Miller, M.L. (2009): “Climate change: Creating demand for
sustainable
/media/loftslag/ECONOMIC_EFFECTS_OF_CLIMATE_CHANGE_ON_THE_TOURISM_SECTOR_IN_SPAIN.pdf
yfir 3, 6, 12, 24 og
48 klukkustundir. IDF ferlar eru ekki reiknaðir fyrir styttri tíma en 3 klukkustundir þar sem
endurgreiningin þykir ekki áreiðanleg fyrir styttri tímaglugga. Í sumum tilfellum er mjög gott
samræmi á milli niðurstaða byggðum á mælingum og ICRA fyrir sama tímabil, t.d. fyrir Höfn í
Hornafirði en á öðrum stöðvum vanmetur ICRA endurkomugildin miðað við mælingar, s.s. á
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_008.pdf
not fit the data very well, and results from previous
filters were chosen instead. However, note that this applied to less than 10 cases out of the
401.
Figure 6 – Evolution of the snowpack (black line), accumulated melting (dashed blue
line), and daily runoff (grey bars) for catchment Búðarháls and hydrological year 1995
– 1996. The vertical red line indicates the start date
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2022/VI_2022_006_extreme.pdf
in Askja
8 Projects
9 The weather in Iceland 2014
10 Finance
11 Sta?publications
I C E L A N D I C M E T O F F I C E / A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 4
3
One of the main goals of the merger of the Hydrological Service,
HS, and the Icelandic Meteorological Office, IMO, was to improve
the capabilities regarding monitoring, warnings and emergency
response due to natural hazards. Prior
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
increases by 2.1ºC, and the interannual standard deviation dec-
reases by 6%, when the simulated global mean T increases by 1ºC.
Of course, there is variation between different models!
Time series of winter mean temperature
in Helsinki (1961-2008)
Blue line = observations
Red line = best-estimate present-day (2010) climate
Grey dots = results for individual models
Probability distribution
/media/ces/RaisanenJouni_CES_2010.pdf