/longitude box extending from 10–30W and
60–70N) revealed that the model ensemble average exhibited considerable warming
in the last decades of the 20th century and into the 21st,
but the warming rate was half of the warming rate that actually occurred. If
the CMIP5 ensemble average warming is used as an indicator of the forced
(anthropogenic) warming trend, then about half of the recent observed
/climatology/iceland/climate-report
/longitude box extending from 10–30W and
60–70N) revealed that the model ensemble average exhibited considerable warming
in the last decades of the 20th century and into the 21st,
but the warming rate was half of the warming rate that actually occurred. If
the CMIP5 ensemble average warming is used as an indicator of the forced
(anthropogenic) warming trend, then about half of the recent observed
/climatology/iceland/climate-report/
with different
MSLP modes, are discussed in Section 7.
2 Data
The basis for this study are ERA-40 and ERA-Interim gridded reanalyses produced by the Eu-
ropean Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) (Berrisford et al., 2009; Sim-
mons, Uppala, Dee, & Kobayashi, 2006; Uppala et al., 2005). All reanalysis fields are available
at a uniform 1-degree resolution in latitude and longitude. Over
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
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STAID = ECA&D STATION IDENTIFIER NAME =STATION NAME
CN = COUNTRY CODE HGT = HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL
T = TABLES AVAILABLE FOR TEMPERATURE P = TABLES AVAILABLE FOR PRECIPITATION
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
STAID NAME CN LATITUDE LONGITUDE HGT
1 VAEXJOE
/media/ces/CES_D2.4_task1.pdf
temperature, and 10-m horizontal wind.
Initial and boundary conditions for the model simulations discussed here are provided by ECMWF
operational analyses (BDSTRATEGY=simulate_operational), with a boundary data interval of
three hours (BDINT=3), and a horizontal resolution of 0.125 degrees in longitude and latitude
(Andersson and Thépaut, 2008; Bechtold et al., 2008). The lateral boundaries
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
in the reference period and the larger the ratio between
spring and other floods, the more the floods on average decreased.
Other variables that were correlated with the results included lat-
itude, longitude, lake percentage, size of the watershed, average
winter temperature and average maximum snow water equivalent
(SWE). The coefficient of multiple correlation R for all these vari-
ables was 0.88 in 2070
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
A is similar to the present velocity-attenuation formula used at IMO to estimate local
magnitude ML, which is given by:
8.4)(log1.2)(maxlog 1010 −+⋅−= Mrvelocity
Date
(yyyymmdd)
Origin time
(hhmmss.ms)
Latitude
(˚N)
Longitude
(˚W)
MLw
(M0 SIL)
Mw
(M0SIL)
MLw
(M0CMT)
Mw
(M0CMT)
20000621 005146.985 63.973 20.711 6.6*) 6.6 6.5 6.4
20000617 154040.998 63.973 20.367 6.4*) 6.2 6.5 6.5
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_012.pdf