in winter(Fig. 3d).
Standard deviation of monthly mean Ta are in reasonable agreement to the observations except
for summer and autumn on the ice sheet where the model underestimates (Fig. 4c and d).
5.2 Global Radiation
Measurements of global radiation are only available from the stations Swiss Camp and Crawford
on the ice sheet for a limited time period (1995–2006), including a number of data gaps
/media/ces/ces_geus_paakitsoq_full_report.pdf
from October 5, 2004
- spatial resolution: 40x40 m
- accuracy: 10 m in elevation and 30 m in horizontal position
b) SPOT 5 HRS from August 14, 2004
c) EMISAR from August 12, 1998
- reference map for co-registration and offset correction
- spatial resolution 5x5 m
- accuracy <2 m in elevation and 5 m in horizontal position
d) aerial photographs from the 1980s:
i. Torfajökull ice cap (To) from
/media/ces/glacier_mass_balance_poster.pdf
and glaciers. The former trend is mainly visible in the
Westfjords, an area in northwest Iceland, in the winter (see Figure 8a and 8b) and in northeast
Iceland in the summer, especially east of Akureyri in the RCP8.5 scenario (see Figures 8c
and d). The latter trend is most clearly seen during summer and in cases with the RCM RCA4
with RCP8.5.
Extreme temperature trends
In a previous section we
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2017/VI_2017_009.pdf
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Ismael Vera Rodriguez, Marius P. Isken, Torsten Dahm, Oliver D. Lamb, Sin‐Mei Wu, Sigríður Kristjánsdóttir, Kristín
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Reykjavík, 139 pp.
Paterson, W.S.B. 1994. The Physics of
Glaciers (Third Edition). Pergamon. 480
pp.
Vogt, P.R., G.L. Johnson and L. Kristjánsson
1980. Morphology and magnetic anomalies
north of Iceland. J. of Geophysics 47, 67-80.
Walker, G.P.L. 1974. Eruptive mechanisms in
Iceland. In L. Kristjánsson, ed. Geodynamics
of Iceland and the North Atlantic Area. D.
Reidel, Dordrecht
/media/jar/Jokull-guidlines.pdf
by a flux of charged particles from the sun. Increased variations of the field are indicative of increased auroral activity.
RH-LRV: Leirvogur Magnetic Observatory
Figure 3. Measurements during the past 24 hours from Leirvogur. Three components of the magnetic field are shown; vertical component (Z); horizontal component (H); and the declination (D). The graph is from
/weather/articles/nr/2549
Juhola (FIN)
Sigrun Karlsdottir (IS)
Halldór Björnsson (IS)
Richard Klein (S)
Rik Leemans (NL)
Henrik Madsen (DK)
Anil Markandya (E)
Jørgen E. Olesen (DK)
Adrian Perrels (FIN)
John Porter (DK)
Markku Rummukainen (S)
Hans von Storch (D)
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Results
W
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m
p
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Max snow depth
Trend slope
Number of snow days
Period II
P
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Max snow depth Number of snow days
Norwegian Meteorological Institute met.no
Correlation analysis (1961-08)
138 mutual stations
Introduction Data & Methods Results
Correlation with
winter
temperature
Correlation with
winter
precipitation
In warmer regions both snow
parameters
/media/ces/Dyrrdal_Anita_CES_2010.pdf
not representative of present or future climate
conditions?
Winter mean T in Helsinki (1961-2008)
1961-
20081961-
1990
Temperature (°C)
P
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b
a
b
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d
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-12 4
Simplest case: change in mean climate,
with no change in the magnitude of variability
If variability changes as well, the two tails of the distribution
(e.g., warm and cold) will be affected differently.
IPCC (2001
/media/ces/RaisanenJouni_CES_2010.pdf