power delivery
Finances and risk Financial resources concentrated in structural protection
(sunk costs)
Financial resources diversified using a broad set of private
and public financial instruments
Climate change adaptation in European river basins 267
123
Tabl
e
2
Overvie
w
o
fvariable
s
an
d
indicator
s
fo
rAIW
M
Dimensio
n
Variabl
e
Indicato
r
Literatur
e
(A
)Agenc
y
1.
Typ
e
o
fleadershi
p
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
frequency distributions for Re-
gion 1 derived with index flood model no. 6: bµ(D) = a(AP=Z)b ............................ 39
5
Appendix VI - Empirical and modeled daily flood frequency distributions for
Region 2 derived with index flood model no. 3: bµ(D) = a(APm)b ......................... 41
Appendix VII - Instantaneous Index flood models for Region 1. .......................... 43
Appendix VIII
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_001.pdf
presents the study area and data. Sec-
tion 3 describes the methodology. Section 4 presents the results and Section 5 concludes the
report.
2 Study area and data
2.1 River basins
Rivers in Iceland are often classified according to the origin of flow (Rist, 1990): direct runoff
(D), spring-fed (L), glacier-fed (J) and whether they flow through lakes (S). Twelve river basins
were selected for this study
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
requires an appropriate monitoring system and the use of integrated or more simple models
for the prediction of future scenarios including effects of implemented measures. Such
integrated models should also include socio-economic aspects. In the Netherlands for the
Major sources of uncertainty in current IWRM practice
Tabl
e
1
St
ep
1:
Es
ta
bl
ish
st
at
us
an
d
go
al
s
Pr
oces
s
in
Ste
p
1
Es
tablis
/media/loftslag/VanderKeur_etal-2008-Uncertainty_IWRM-WARM.pdf
/EPP 2
Stakeholders analysis
26 August 2011 PM/YZ/EPP 3
Stake
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
P
u
b
l
i
c
/
p
r
i
v
at
e
P
o
w
e
r
l
e
v
e
l
(“
n
u
i
s
an
ce”
ca
p
a
c
i
t
y
)
O
r
i
e
n
tat
i
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n
H
or
s
t
e
n
s
m
uni
c
ipal
i
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y
(
c
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pe
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n
t
a
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ori
t
y
)
P
u
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l
i
c
S
t
ron
g
Go
v
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N
eighbour mun
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c
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p
ali
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P
u
b
l
i
c
S
t
ron
g
Go
v
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Poli
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y
/media/loftslag/Group5-Stakeholders_involvement.pdf
and validation periods ....................................................................... 35
Appendix III - Instantaneous index flood µi(D = 0), flood frequency distribution
and growth curves, derived by QDF modelling of WaSiM daily flow simulations ... 41
Appendix IV - Estimated flood frequency distributions at target sites treated as
ungauged, using the best IFM for each set
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_007.pdf
measures
Downscaling and
statistical correction
Water system impacts
Hydro-ecological models
Socio-economic
scenarios
Socio-economic
impacts
Fig. 2 Structural elements in
the assessment of climate change
impacts and adaptation illustrating
the uncertainty cascade
Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change
Tabl
e
1
Ch
aracterisatio
n
o
fke
y
sou
rce
s
o
fun
certaint
y
in
th
eun
certaint
y
casc
ad
ean
d
thei
rnatur
/media/loftslag/2012-Refsgaard_etal-uncertainty_climate-change-adaptation-MITI343.pdf
FOREST BIOMASS FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION –
POTENTIALS, MANAGEMENT AND RISKS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE
Ashraful Alam, Antti Kilpeläinen, Seppo Kellomäki
School of Forest Sciences,
University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu
F t Cli t d R bl E I t Ri k d Ad t tiu ure Cl ma e an enewa e nergy – mpac s, s s an ap a on
Oslo, Norway
2 June, 2010
Contents
• Forestry in Finland
• Challenges
• Objectives
/media/ces/Alam_Ashraful_CES_2010.pdf
ANN−10
−5
0
5
10
15
20
delta w (%
)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17C
h
a
n
g
e
i
n
g
e
o
s
t
r
o
p
h
i
c
w
i
n
d
s
p
e
e
d
(
%
)
Change in wind over the Baltic Sea in 70 years time at the time of CO2-doubling
Chen and Aschberger, 2006
17
CM
IP
G
CM
s
A need for regional ensemble simulations
head2right Changes are uncertain
head2right Size and sometimes even sign
/media/ces/Kjellstrom_Erik_CES_2010.pdf
by parametric methods. Hydrology Research 39, 425-436.
Jónsdóttir, J. F., Uvo, C. B. (2009). Long-term variability in precipitation and streamflow in Iceland and relations to atmospheric circulation. Int. J. Climatol. 29, 425-436. doi: 10.2166/nh.2008.002.
Lawrence, D., Haddeland, I. Uncertainty in hydrological modelling of climate change impacts in four Norwegian catchments. Hydrology Research
/ces/publications/nr/1943