delay
s
o
r
problem
s
Leadershi
p
is
proactive
;anticipate
s
o
n
problem
s
2.
Leve
lo
fcohesio
n
Leadershi
p
is
abl
e
to
formulat
e
an
d
articulat
e
internall
y
consisten
tpolic
y
preference
s
Jupill
e
an
d
Caporas
o
(199
8)
3.
Leve
lo
fauthorit
y
Leadershi
p
ha
s
authorit
y
to
ac
t
externally
,i
n
particula
rth
e
lega
lcompetenc
e
in
give
n
subjec
tmatte
r
(B
)Awarenes
s
raisin
g
&
educatio
n
5
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
closely.
Photo: Sigurlaug Gunnlaugsdóttir.
Bárðarbunga
Pálmi Erlendsson, Bergur H. Bergsson and others installing GPS and com-
munication equipment. Photos: Þorgils Ingvarsson and Benedikt G. Ófeigsson.
I C E L A N D I C M E T O F F I C E / A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 4
5
The magma intrusion from Bárðarbunga
to the eruption site at Holuhraun and
related tremor pulses
Increased
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
HYDROPOWER IN ICELAND
Impacts and adaption in future climate
Authors
Óli Grétar Blöndal Sveinsson (Phd)
Úlfar Linnet (MSc)
Elías B. Elíasson (MSc)
Landsvirkjuns system
•Installed power 1850 MW
• 96 % Hydroelectricity
• 4% Geothermal
•Production capacity 13 TWh/a
•Customer base
• 86 % Large industries
• 14 % Small businesses / Household
•No connection to other countries
•Reliability a major
/media/ces/Linnet_Ulfar_CES_2010.pdf
Knowledge
gathering
Proposal
Testing
Revision
Decision-
making
Milestones
26 August 2011 PM/YZ/EPP 5
Phase
s
Du
r
at
i
o
n
(
mon
t
h
s
)
O
V
I
s
Problem iden
t
i
f
i
ca
t
i
on
2
A
l
l
St
a
k
ehol
d
e
r
s i
d
ent
i
f
i
ed an
d
selected wi
t
h
i
n 2 mo
n
t
h
s
I
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
on pro
v
i
s
i
on
2
Kic
k
-
of
f
m
e
et
i
n
g
hel
d
Knowled
g
e ga
t
he
r
i
n
g
6
/media/loftslag/Group5-Stakeholders_involvement.pdf
(). The circulation of Icelandic waters-a
modelling study. Ocean Science , –.
Nygaard, B. E. K., Hálfdán Ágústsson & K.
Somfalvi-Toth (). Modeling wet snow ac-
cretion on power lines: improvements to previ-
ous methods using years of observations.
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
(), –.
Philippe Crochet (). Sensitivity of Icelandic
river basins to recent
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
;
mayo
ran
d
governmen
t
of
cer
s
F
M
(si
m
u
lat
ion
m
od
el)
M
F
Tabl
e2
.
Ca
te
go
riz
at
io
n
ta
bl
e
fo
r
th
e
ex
am
pl
es
o
fF
AB
E
ap
pr
o
ac
he
s
to
pa
rt
ic
ip
at
o
ry
m
o
de
llin
g.
A
ce
ll
in
th
e
‘
pa
rt
ic
ip
at
o
ry
m
o
de
llin
g
st
ag
e’
ca
n
be
interprete
d
in
th
e
fo
llo
w
in
g
m
an
n
er
:
w
he
re
th
er
e
is
n
o
st
ak
eh
o
ld
er
in
vo
lve
m
en
t,
N
O
P
is
w
rit
te
n
.
W
he
re
th
/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf