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s;
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te
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stakeh
older
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M
ul
tip
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fra
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es
(so
/media/loftslag/VanderKeur_etal-2008-Uncertainty_IWRM-WARM.pdf
series, of which about 28,000 are from European
studies. White areas do not contain sufficient observational climate data to estimate a temperature trend. The 2 x 2 boxes show the total number of data
series with significant changes (top row) and the percentage of those consistent with warming (bottom row) for (i) continental regions: North America (NAM),
Latin America (LA), Europe (EUR), Africa
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
in crops yield (Porter and Semenov 2005; Kristensen et al. 2011) and to increased risk of
nitrate leaching (Fig. 4). It is also likely that the increasing temperatures, in particular
winter temperatures, will lead to increased risks of attack by pests and diseases (Olesen et
al. 2011).
Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change
Tabl
e
2
Ex
am
pl
es
o
fw
at
er
re
la
te
d
cl
im
at
e
ch
an
ge
ad
ap
tat
io
n
iss
ue
/media/loftslag/2012-Refsgaard_etal-uncertainty_climate-change-adaptation-MITI343.pdf
size.
References
1. Meehl, G.A., C. Covey, T. Delworth, M. Latif, B. McAvaney, J.F.B. Mitchell, R.J. Stouffer and
K.E. Taylor, 2007: The WCRP CMIP3 Multimodel Dataset: A New Era in Climate Change Research, BAMS,
88, 1383-1394, DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-88-9-1383.
2. Naki �enovi � N., J. Alcamo, G. Davis, B. de Vries, J Fenhann, S. Gaffin, K. Gregory,
A.Grübler, T.Y. Jung, T. Kram, E.L. La Rovere
/media/ces/CES_D2.4_VMGO.pdf
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57
Fr
am
ew
o
rk
Cr
ite
ria
u
se
d
M
ain
pu
rp
o
se
o
fframewor
k
Participator
y
m
od
ell
in
g
purpos
e
Particip
ator
y
structur
e
Contro
lo
f
ow
of
in
for
m
a
tio
n
betwee
n
stakeholder
s
Timin
g
of event
s
Participatio
n
mod
e
Mo
de
l
typ
e
Participator
y
m
et
ho
ds
use
d
Actor
sinvolve
d
(at
eac
h
/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf