indicatorOfParameter=141 <earliest boundary data filename>
<modified filename>. Glaciers are defined as permanent snow and ice in the model, and are described by
static fields in the surface scheme.
8
These differences are taken into account following WMO guidelines (WMO, 2008), whereby
wind speeds are projected to 10 mAGL by
S(10m) = S(h)
ln(10=z0)
ln(h=z0)
: (1)
For Iceland the surface roughness length z0
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
Manage- Basic Purchase Road Road net- Const- Acquisi- Govern- Com- Participati- Value Miscel- Total 2009
ment and road of equip- system work post- ruction tion of ment missi- on of the added laneous cost
operating manage- ment develop- poned-, of land grants ons European tax over- level
costs ment ment comprehen- build- and com- Regional De- heads
1991- 1991- sive- and ings pensation
/media/loftslag/Traffc-maintenance_expenditures.pdf
with the following equation,
h = c
t
2
where c is the speed of light (c = 2.99 x 108 m/s). In principle, CL51 is able to detect three cloud
layers simultaneously, but if the cloud base is obscured due to precipitation or ground-based
fog, vertical visibility is reported. Information about fog and precipitation can also be derived
from the return signal as they attenuate the return signal from a cloud. In its
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2019/VI_2019_009.pdf
over complex terrain. On sunny and otherwise calm days, wind speeds associated with sea breezes
can reach up to 10 m s 1 at various locations around the Icelandic coast (Einarsson, 1976). Land
11
breezes occur less frequently and are generally weaker. On intermediate time-scales of several
days, temporal variability is primarily due to the evolution and passage of cyclonic storm systems.
Cyclones
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
level, surveys commissioned by the European Com-
munity/the European Union provide an indication of trends in concern about cli-
mate change. Since 1992, such surveys have been undertaken among representative
samples of citizens in its Member States, and specifically on topics related to the
environment (Special Eurobarometers (EB) in 1992, 1995, 2002; and a Flash EB
in 2002). These have included
/media/loftslag/Lorenzoni_Pidgeon_2006.pdf
weather forecast:
Two low pressure systems are forecast to reach Iceland during the period from Friday morning until
Saturday evening.
The forecast is for southeast 20-25 m/s, (strong gale to storm) tomorrow, Friday, but south 25-30 m/s
(storm to violent storm) on Saturday. A heavy rainfall warning has also been issued for these lows..
Travel conditions will be poor in the south and west
/media/frettir/myndasafn/2015/2015-03-12_vatnsvedurogstormar_en.pdf
Lidar measurements of the cryosphere
Reykholt, Iceland, June 20–21, 2013
Lidar measurements
of the cryosphere
Reykholt, Iceland, June 20–21, 2013
Abstract volume
Lidar map of the ice-covered stratovolcano Öræfajökull in S-Vatnajökull, S-Iceland,
surveyed by TopScan GmbH in August 2011
Lidar measurements of the cryosphere
/media/vatnafar/joklar/Reykholt-abstracts.pdf
-13
FL180: 270/25-45KT, but 26015KT by the NE-coast, -29
Overview of weather systems:
1000 km S of Cape Farewell is an extensive 980 mb low. Over Greenland is a 1038 mb high.
Near surface winds:
N-ly or variable wind, 05-25 KT.
Cloud heights/visibility/weather:
BKN/OVC at 1000-2500 FT in the N-part and occasional snowshowers with poor visibility. Widely FEW/SCT and good
/weather/aviation/llf-iceland/