the maximum discharge of jökulhlaup water at the glacier
terminus is estimated as 97 m3 s 1. This jökulhlaup was a fast-rising jökulhlaup as
other jökulhlaups in Skaftá and cannot be described by the traditional Nye-theory of
jökulhlaups. The total volume of flood water was estimated as 53 Gl. The average
propagation speed of the subglacial jökulhlaup flood front was found to be in the range
0.2–0.4 m s 1
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
Knowledge
gathering
Proposal
Testing
Revision
Decision-
making
Milestones
26 August 2011 PM/YZ/EPP 5
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/media/loftslag/Group5-Stakeholders_involvement.pdf
at Hólar in Hornafjörður and precipitation at Fagurhólsmýri
as an input. With a temperature gradient of 0.56 ◦C per
100 m and the degree-day factors ddfs = 4.45 mm◦w.e.C−1 d−1
and ddfi = 5.30 mm◦w.e.C−1 d−1, the model explains 92 % and
95 % of the variance of the winter and summer balance at S-
Vatnajökull, respectively (Jóhannesson et al., 2007).
Another model calibration of the degree-day factors
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
Discrete
numerical
Categorical Narrative
Constant in space and time A1 A2 A3
4Varies in time, not in space B1 B2B3
Varies in space, not in time C1 C2 C3
It is noticed that the matrix is in reality three-dimensional
(source, type, nature). Thus, the categories type and nature
are not mutually exclusive, and it may be argued that the ma-
trix should be modified in such a way that the two uncer
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf
; fax: +358 20 490 2590.
E-mail address: Noora.Veijalainen@ymparisto.fi (N. Veijalainen).
Journal of Hydrology 391 (2010) 333–350
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Hydrology
journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/ locate / jhydrol
Author's personal copy
narios from GCMs or RCMs, and with different emission scenarios
(e.g. Menzel et al., 2006; Minville et al., 2008; Prudhomme and Da
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
a systematic com-
parison of results to observed precipitation has been carried out. Un-
dercatchment of solid precipitation is dealt with by looking only at
days when precipitation is presumably liquid or by considering the
occurrence and non-occurrence of precipitation. Away from non-
resolved orography, the long term means (months, years) of observed
and simulated precipitation are often
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
and Irrigationa
Scenario Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Current 101 85 59 13 6 4 1 6 39 79 8497
A2 145 132 73 10 10 7 6 8 4 75 92 123
B2 137 119 75 16 6 6 6 5 21 74 110 141
aValues are in millimeters.
10 of 18
W00A15 VAN ROOSMALEN ET AL.: CLIMATE AND LAND USE CHANGE W00A15
time and larger area where groundwater levels rise above
the drain levels. Table 6 shows the mean discharges
/media/loftslag/vanRoosmalen_etal-2009-WRR_2007WR006760.pdf
and CNES, n.d.;
National Center for Atmospheric Research Staff, 2016; Quante and Colijn, 2016). Now, additional
altimeters at different orbits perform slightly less accurate measurements up to 82 N and S (Rhein
et al., 2013). These records are used to estimate sea surface changes and calculate global mean sea
level, a temporal average sea level averaged over the oceans (Church, Clark, et al., 2013
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf
and to list categories of stakeholders such as water
users, potential groundwater pollution sources, and autho-
rities in the area including: local waterworks; water
consumers; farmers; industry; anglers; the local county;
and three municipalities. The stakeholder involvement
process and the extension of the organisation with new
Define context
Collect dat
a
Define states
Identify factors, ac
tion
s/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf