were collected through a mail survey in Sweden,
Acceptability of travel demand managemen
of problem awareness, persona
Louise Erikssona,b,, Jo¨rgen Garvil
aDepartment of Psychology
bTransportation Research Unit
Available onlin
Abstract
y 26 (2006) 15–26
t measures: The importance
norm, freedom, and fairness
la,b, Annika M. Nordlunda,b
a˚ University, Sweden
Umea˚ University, Sweden
14 July 2006
/media/loftslag/Eriksson_Garvill_Nordlund_2006.pdf
changes in the September-April mean geostrophic wind speed from 1971-
2000 to 2046-2065 (left) and the statistical significance of the ensemble mean change according to a
standard t test (right). Light, medium and dark red shading indicate significance at the 95%, 99% and
99.9% levels, respectively.
95 % 99 % 99,9 %
4
Fig. 4. As Fig. 3, but for the autumn (September
/media/ces/CES_D2.4_task2_CMIP3_winds.pdf
-
balance model
• Monthly temperature
• Monthly precipitation
Step 2: Extrapolation of model
parameters to all glaciers in
Iceland and Scandinavia
• Gridded climate variables
Step 3: Future projections until
2100 for each glacier:
- run mass-balance model
- Volume-area scaling
Volume-area-length
scaling
V = c Aγ
• Glacier inventory data
• downscaled GCM scenarios
A(t
V(t
ΔV
Methodology
Step
/media/ces/Hock_Regine_CES_2010rs.pdf
of
temperature anomaly
(ºC) between 1991-2007
and 1961-1990
Variation of annual T
anomaly (ºC)
between 1991-2007
and 1961-1990
Seasonal differences of P
anomaly (in %)
between 1991-2007 and
1961-1990
Seasonal differences of Q
anomaly (in %) between
1991-2007 and 1961-1990
Variation of annual P and Q
anomaly (%)
between 1991-2007
and 1961-1990
-40
-25
-10
5
20
35
50
1
9
2
0
1
9
4
0
1
9
6
/media/ces/Kriauciuniene_Jurate_CES_2010.pdf
From 1925 to 1938, Aiviekste HPP
was the largest in Latvia.
Daugava and Aiviekste Basins
Study area
After Plavinas HPP was constructed in 1967,
territories near Plavinas city and above river to
Jekabpils city almost every spring are endangered
by floods caused mostly by ice jams.
Hydrological model
• since year 1994, HBV model is used at LVGMC
• HBV 96 model (version 4.5) was used to simulate
/media/ces/Kurpniece_Liga_CES_2010.pdf
The applied glacier mass balance model is a simplified version of the energy balance approach.
An abstract of the model is given in the following, for a comprehensive model description we
refer to Machguth et al. (2009). The model requires air temperature (Ta), global radiation
(Sin) and precipitation (P ) for meteorological input. The model runs at daily steps, and the
cumulative mass balance bc on day t/media/ces/ces_geus_paakitsoq_full_report.pdf
Figure 53 Impact map for airports in case of an eruption like 1362 at Öræfajökull ................ 82
Figure 54 Impact map for power lines in case of an eruption like 1362 at Öræfajökull ......... 83
Figure 55 5% PM10 probability map for an eruption like 1362 at Öræfajökull. ...................... 84
Figure 56 25% PM10 probability map for an eruption like 1362 at Öræfajökull
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_004.pdf
an important part of the runoff from many areas. In total, approximately
20% of runoff in Iceland originates from groundwater (Hjartarson, 1994a).
In the above mentioned previous simulation of runoff map for Iceland for the period 1961–
1990, groundwater was omitted. Effects of groundwater flowing across watershed
boundaries were simulated by scaling the precipitation for each watershed. On watersheds
/media/ces/2010_017.pdf
-1996
– 1997-2002
– Post 2002
Overall Effect of Wind Speed on
Damages
Damaged Homes By Wind Categories
100
120
0
20
40
60
80
< 120 120-
129
130-
139
140-
149
> 149
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
Damaged Homes (Cum.
Percent)
Average Home Size By Year
Built Categories
Average Home Size By Year Built Categories
2450
2500
2550
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
2400
Pre 1980 80-96 97-2002 Post 2002
Avg. Sq. Feet
Damaged Homes
/media/loftslag/FMI_-_Disaster_Mitigation.pdf
Oddur Sigurðsson, Óðinn Þórarinsson, Philippe Crochet, Tómas Jóhannesson & Þorsteinn Þorsteinsson (2012). Floods in Iceland. In: Z. W. Kundzewicz (ed), Changes in Flood Risk in Europe. Oxfordshire: IAHS Special Publication 10, 257-276.
Hálfdán Ágústsson & Haraldur Ólafsson (2012). The bimodal downslope windstorms at Kvisker. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 116(1-2), 27-42, doi:10.1007/s00703
/about-imo/arctic/completed-projects/publications/