water infra-
structure projects begun now are large
enough to push hydroclimate beyond the
range of historical behaviors (19). Some
regions have little infrastructure to buffer the
impacts of change.
Stationarity cannot be revived. Even with
aggressive mitigation, continued warming is
very likely, given the residence time of
atmospheric CO2 and the thermal inertia of
the Earth system (4, 20
/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf
Kjøllmoenet al. 2007).Storbreen is located just east of the main waterdivide between east and west in southern Norwayand receives precipitation from both directions(Liestøl 1967). The glacier is part of an east–west
mass balance transect in southern Norway where
mass turnover is largest near the western coast anddecreases towards the drier interior (Andreassen etal. 2005). Storbreen is in this respect
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
Volcanic Alert warnings to
the public; experience from
volcanic eruptions in Iceland
Sigrún Karlsdóttir and V. Reynisson*
Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)
*Civil Protection Department of the National Commissioner of
the Icelandic Police (CPD)
Photo:
B. Pálmason
Tasks of the Icelandic
Meteorological Office
Responsibilities:
Monitoring, forecasting and issuance of warnings in the field
/media/loftslag/Karlsdottir-Risk_analysis_IMO_SK.pdf
3. Differences in terrain elevation between HARMONIE model and 100-m-
resolution DEM (model minus DEM): (a) original DEM interpolated onto the HAR-
MONIE model grid, and (b) DEM horizontally averaged around each model grid point,
using an exponential shape function with a half-width of 1 km.
In addition to surface type, boundary-layer atmospheric properties are strongly influenced by
the height
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
lake in a volcanic caldera in the interior of the Vatnajökull ice cap (Björns-
son, 1988). Jökulhlaups from Grímsvötn have been known since at least the fourteenth
century (Þórarinsson, 1939, 1974). In the beginning of the twentieth century there were
about ten years between outbursts but the floods diminished with time and became
more frequent. After a catastrophic, rapidly rising flood caused
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
was chosen because after 1980 sea ice is fully initiated in RCAO
and after 2006 the records from the weather-stations end. (The stations actually continue to
4
Figure 2: mass balance profiles calculated using RCAO (Plot a) and
HIRHAM4 (Plot b) for model input.
measure, but in the short time available for the Paakitsoq mass balance project we did not
look for more data.) The reference period
/media/ces/ces_geus_paakitsoq_full_report.pdf
26 October 2012
ESC statement on L’Aquila sentence
The European Seismological Commission (ESC) as a Commission of the
International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior
(IASPEI) endorses and adheres to the IASPEI Press Release on the L'Aquila
sentence (http://www.iaspei.org/news_items/laquila_IASPEI_press_release_final.pdf
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/hlidarefni/ESC-IASPEI-statement-LAquila-2012-1.pdf
areas may
experience intense rainfall resulting in heavy
floods, while other areas may witness less
rainfall due to living in highland.
Research
Flood frequency
and intensity
communication
capacity
Area of residence
(Flood prone /non
prone areas)
Uncertanties
High
willingness
to pay
Low
willingnes
to pay
Dikes
High
taxation
-Early warning
systems
-Soft structural
measures
/media/loftslag/Group1-Adaptive_Management_in_a_relation_to_climate_change2.pdf
on average sea level and on regional weather systems. It is
defined here as the highest 1% of hourly values of observed sea level at a station for a given reference period.
31
Topic 1 Observed changes in climate and their effects
(a) Global average surface temperature
(b) Global average sea level
(c) Northern Hemisphere snow cover
Figure 1.1. Observed changes in (a) global average surface temperature
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
).
Nevertheless, the results presented in this research are not
able to indicate: (a) whether the implemented measures are
working properly or whether their quality and scale is suf-
ficient to deal with the problems they are designed for; (b) if,
how and when the planned measures will be really imple-
mented and whether there will be complications during
implementation (e.g. delays, insufficient
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf