probably a few meters.
An interactive 3D model of the earthquakes during the magma
intrusion. The di?rent colours represent the activity in time from
16 August to 12 September.
During the magma intrusion, intense earthquake activity related to
subsidence of the Bárðarbunga caldera was located at the caldera
rim. Over 70 earthquakes above magnitude 5 occurred in the first
four months after the onset
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
and western sides of the crater
lake is a wall of ice. On the northern side a tephra wall rises 20 meters
above the water. The ice walls at the southwestern corner of the crater
are melting, i.e. at the site of the vent that was active 4 – 6 June. The
rate of melting is assumed to be about one cuber meter per second.
Seismic tremor: Low tremor level. Pulses are observed off and on.
Earthquakes
/media/jar/Eyjafjallajokull_status_2010-06-15_IES_IMO.pdf
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/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
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/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
in a collaboration between the Austrian engineering company Ingenieurbüro
Illmer Daniel e.U. (DI), Efla consulting engineers and the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO).
Daniel Illmer carried out the analysis of landslide protection measures, Jón Kristinn Helgason,
Tómas Jóhannesson and Eiríkur Gíslason wrote sections about the geographical setting, the land-
slide history and the assessment
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2016/VI_2016_006_rs.pdf
those already reported. Oxygen was measured at
normal levels, so there is no evidence of carbon dioxide (CO2)
accumulation, but this was not measured on these devices. Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
was not detected in the cave.An addition hazard is the potential
for roof collapse. During another visit in the past week, an ice block sized
2*4*0.4 m was seen to have collapsed from a side wall near
/about-imo/news/gas-concentrations-in-the-hofsjokull-ice-cave
be displaced and wall plastering might be damaged. Severe damage of well-built dwellings is not expected. The intensity of a large earthquake in this region can reach levels VI-VII on the Mercalli Scale.
It is important to regularly remind all inhabitants in seismically active regions about potential earthquake hazards. People should review their own security measures and preparedness for a large
/about-imo/news/nr/3150
increase
Landslides also occur at central volcanoes without any
volcanic trigger. An example of this is the rockslide in Askja in 2014 where
long term subsidence of a caldera wall, formed in volcanic activity in 1875,
caused the slope instability. The slide is considered to be one of the biggest rock
slides event in Iceland during historical times. More about this landslide in Icelandic can
/volcanoes/volcanic-hazards/landslides/
in the slope of the caldera wall. The peak in tremor is subsequently caused by the debris fall into the lake. The following flood wave in the lake migrated several times back and forth, causing continuing but decreasing tremor that was seen during the next twenty minutes after the rockslide.
There is no evidence for a strong steam explosion in the earthquake data. However it can not be ruled out
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/2921