a tremor event should be roughly somewhere between 4 and 10, but this number is
highly variable depending on the network setup. Ideally, however, this number could be
configured specifically for different regions.
For the results section below, the parameters are as follows: sta window length = 3 minutes, lta
window length = 60 minutes, sta/lta trigger ratio = 1.4, number of ramp intervals = 3/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2021/VI_2021_008.pdf
These
working hypotheses have been further developed into a
methodology for evaluating the level of Adaptive and
Integrated Water Management, which resulted in an ana-
lytical framework for assessing regime characteristics,
consisting of nine different dimensions of variables:
1. Agency
2. Awareness Raising & Education
3. Type of governance
4. Cooperation structures
5. Policy development
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
Assessment Re-
port (AR4).
Topic 1 summarises observed changes in climate and their ef-
fects on natural and human systems, regardless of their causes, while
Topic 2 assesses the causes of the observed changes. Topic 3 pre-
sents projections of future climate change and related impacts un-
der different scenarios.
Topic 4 discusses adaptation and mitigation options over the
next few decades
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
Jökulhlaups in Skaftá: A study of a jökul-
hlaup from the Western Skaftá cauldron
in the Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland
Bergur Einarsson, Veðurstofu Íslands
VÍ 2009-006
Skýrsla
Jökulhlaups in Skaftá: A study of jökul-
hlaup from the Western Skaftá cauldron
in the Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland
Bergur Einarsson
VÍ 2009-006
ISSN 1670-8261
Skýrsla
+354 522 60 00
+354 522 60 06
vedur@vedur.is
Veðurstofa
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
1 10 100 1000
Return period (years)
P
e
a
k
d
a
i
l
y
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
e
(
m
3
/
s
)
1961-1990 Gumbel
2021-2050 Gumbel
2021 - 2050 annual maxima
1961 - 1990 annual maxima
X
X
35% increase
in 200-year
flood
Model uncertainty
Seasonal analysis - Rainfall-induced
peak flows in annual maximum series
1961 - 1990 2021-2050
Red – Type 1: > 67% of annual
maximum in mar-july (snowmelt
dominance
/media/ces/Lawrence_Deborah_CES_2010.pdf
over a 3-day period. ....................................................... 36
Figure 12. Stacked heat map for station Seyðisfjörður for the 10 largest daily precipitation events
from the ICRA simulation. ....................................................................................................... 37
Figure 13. Daily simulated precipitation at station Eskifjörður for the period
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_008.pdf
• Methodology
• Key findings
• Conclusions
2
Forestry in Finland
1. Land area distribution 2. Species distribution
Total Forestry land 26.3 mill. ha
3. Growing stocks, increment and drain 4. Site type distribution
Source: Finnish Forest Research Institute, 2008
3
Forest management
Final felling
Timber
Energy biomass
Thinning
Timber
Pre-commercial or
energy biomass thinning
Regeneration Regeneration
4
/media/ces/Alam_Ashraful_CES_2010.pdf