with the general observation of a slowly fading activity in almost all other data sets.
Inter-event waiting time
For the Bárðarbunga caldera, inter-event waiting time for earthquakes equal to or larger than M5 has been plotted* during the four months period from the onset of events until 15 Dec 2014. On the y-axis, waiting time is given in hours. The x-axis shows the relevant earthquakes
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3039
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/media/loftslag/Group-1_Scenarios-for-AWM.pdf
+ x−k) (1)
Public Choice (2012) 151:91–119 95
with k = 1,2, and −k = 1 if k = 2, −k = 2 if k = 1. The variables xik and x−k are the
contributions to the public good of subject i as mover k and mover −k, respectively. The
contribution of the first mover is an integer x1 ∈ [0,10] and that of the second mover takes
one of the two values x2 ∈ {0, x1}.
2.2 Theoretical predictions
As noted
/media/loftslag/Public-Choice-2012---Teyssier---Inequity-and-risk-aversion-in-sequential-public-good-games.pdf
of melt water from glaciated
areas in long integrations for a warming climate.
Glacier dynamics
This problem can be qualitatively analysed by considering the continuity equation for ice vol-
ume, which may be expressed as
¶h
¶t
+
¶q
¶x
= b or
¶h
¶t
+~ ~q = b ; (1)
for a one-dimensional ice flow channel or an ice cap that flows in two horizontal dimensions,
respectively. h is ice thickness, q or ~q
/media/ces/ces-glacier-scaling-memo2009-01.pdf
the Fljótsdalsheiði region . . . . . . . 47
18 Seasonal mean wind power density within the Fljótsdalsheiði region . . . . . . . . 48
19 Directional mean wind power density within the Gufuskálar region . . . . . . . . . 49
20 Seasonal mean wind power density within the Gufuskálar region . . . . . . . . . . 50
21 Directional mean wind power density within the Hellisheiði region . . . . . . . . . 51
22 Seasonal mean
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
about 20-25% in 2010 to about 50% in 2050. Perhaps surprisingly,
a particularly high probability is found in Iceland, most likely as a result of the small
12
interannual variability there. As expected, the probability of very warn years rises even faster
than that of warm months – in northern Europe from typically 30-40% in 2010 to about 60-
80% in 2030 and to 85-95% or even more in 2050
/media/ces/CES_D2.4_task1.pdf
we take the corresponding
data from the CMIP5 project.
Table 1. All GCMs and RCMs used in this study. If a model is available for any of the
domains Arctic-44, EURO-44, or EURO-11, it is marked with a v, but with an x if it is
unavailable.
Model name Type EURO-11 EURO-44 Arctic-44
CCCma-CanESM2 GCM x v v
COSMO-CLM4-8-17 RCM v v x
CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5 GCM v v x
IHCEC-EC-Earth GCM v v v
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2017/VI_2017_009.pdf
& Höskuldsson, 2008; Thordarson & Larsen,
2007). Highly active volcanic systems as Hekla, Katla, Bárðarbunga and Grímsvötn, have
explosive eruptions rates of 82%, 97%, 90% and 95%, respectively (Gudmundsson & Larsen,
2016; Larsen & Gudmundsson, 2016b, 2016a; Larsen & Thordarson, 2016). Volcanic eruptions
are quite common in Iceland and occur on average every two to five years (Larsen & Eiríksson
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_004.pdf