September 2014. The gray line represents relative displacement and the blue line the median value for 180 minutes. Earthquakes in the area are shown separately below (same x-axis, same timing). Enlarge.
The first two weeks as an example
Total subsidence from 12 Sept 2014 until 1 March 2015
The total subsidence of the glacier surface above the Bárðarbunga caldera since the equipment
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/gps-measurements/bardarbunga/caldera/
September 2014. The gray line represents relative displacement and the blue line the median value for 180 minutes. Earthquakes in the area are shown separately below (same x-axis, same timing). Enlarge.
The first two weeks as an example
Total subsidence from 12 Sept 2014 until 1 March 2015
The total subsidence of the glacier surface above the Bárðarbunga caldera since the equipment
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/gps-measurements/bardarbunga/caldera
of land origin ▲•
Undetermined or unknown x
Table 3.3
Form of ice (Fa Fb Fc Fp Fs)
Element Floe size Symbo
l
Pancake ice - 0
Small ice cake; brash ice < 2 m 1
Ice cake 2-20 m 2
Small floe 20-100 m 3
Medium floe 100-500 m 4
Big floe 500 m-2 km 5
Vast floe 2-10 km 6
Giant floe > 10 km 7
Fast ice - 8
Icebergs, growlers or
floebergs
- 9
Undetermined or
unknown
- x
- 5 -
Annex I
Sample ice charts
from
/media/hafis/frodleikur/ice-chart_colour-code-standard.pdf
the quality of the data. Therefore, a mobile X-band weather radar was purchased, but while this custom made radar was being assembled and tested, another was obtained on loan from the Italian Civil Protection Agency. The mobile radar is now situated near the town of Kirkjubæjarklaustur, 80 km from the eruption site in Grímsvötn. IMO staff members monitor the progress of the eruption using
/about-imo/news/nr/2183/
site, larger than yesterday.
White (steam) plumes rising from Gígjökull outlet glacier, north of the
eruption site smaller than yesterday.
Tephra fallout: According to the police at Hvolsvöllur there was ash-fall in Álftaver
and Meðalland, 65-80 km east-south-east of Eyjafjallajökull, where
people could hardly see next farms (in a few kilometres distance).
Lightning: No detections today
/media/jar/Eyjaf_status_2010-05-04_IES_IMO.pdf
Projects
involving sh
Concise info
Executive
summaries
Downloadable
"Stakeholder
friendly" info
Stakeholder Relevance of the CES Project
Jenny Gode, 31 May 2010
Research programme
"Translators"
F
act
sheets
W
eb
page
Stee
ring
co
m
m
ittee
Visits
W
o
rkshops
R
efe
re
nce
g
ro
up
s
E
x
.
su
m
m
a
rie
s
M
eetings
Stakeholders
Energy companies
Energy authorities
Decision makers
Other stakeholders
/media/ces/Gode_Jenny_CES_2010.pdf
ilmiö
W inter Sprin g
SummerA utumn
Kosteus
Lauha t talve t
Talvitulvat
Jäätävä sade
Hyyde
Kova tuu li
…
Aikaisempi
kevät ja tu lvat
Ku ivuus
Ku ivuvat
vesiva rastot
…
Ku ivuus
Rankkasa teet
sa lamointi
Rakeet
…
Myrskyt
Rankkasateet
Rou ta
Jääkannen
muodostaminen
…
yli y €yli y €Merkittävät3
x - y €x – y €Keskinkertaiset2
alle x €alle x €Vähäiset1
Mahdollisuuden
tunnisteväriRiskin
/media/ces/Keranen_Jaana_CES_2010.pdf
.. But with caution
Spatial scale
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP)
Ecological fallacy: The mistake of assuming that
where relationships are found among aggregate data,
these relationships will also be found among individuals
or households, or vice versa.
Key concepts (from ecology)
Forest cover Population
density
y = -20.1Ln(x) + 60
R2 = 0.84
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 5 10 15
Population density
F
o
re
/media/loftslag/Kok_1-scenarios-lecture-1.pdf
As time proceeds, the signal of greenhouse-gas-induced precipitation changes becomes better
discerned from natural variability. In the decade 2041-2050, the probability of increasing
annual mean precipitation over Finland, north-western Russia and much of Scandinavia is 85-
95%. However, even at this time, the increase in precipitation is less certain in summer than in
the other seasons (Figure
/media/ces/raisanen_ruosteenoja_CES_D2.2.pdf
Short distance
transportation
Long distance
r
g
y
i
n
p
u
t
o
x
i
d
e
E
m
i
s
M
W
h
-
1
8
4 -
M5 (-20%)
M6 (-30%) Energy wood in
power plant
Timber in pulp
and saw mill
transportation
Chipping
s
i
o
n
s
K
g
C
O
2
(b) Norway spruce: Myrtillus type
10
l
a
r
e
a
(
m
2
h
a
-
1
)
Basal area just
before thinning
Remaining basal
Thinning threshold
Energy
wood
thinning
8
9 B a
s
a
l
/media/ces/Alam_Ashraful_CES_2010.pdf