(see e.g.
Steg, 2003). In studies from several countries, push
measures are perceived as less acceptable compared to
pull measures (e.g. Ho¨lzer, 2003; Rienstra, Rietveld, &
Verhoef, 1999; Steg & Vlek, 1997). For example, in a
European study, over
90% of the car users supported
improved public transport and park-and-ride schemes,
while less than
20% approved of reduced parking space
and cordon
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