of events closely.
Photo: Sigurlaug Gunnlaugsdóttir.
Bárðarbunga
Pálmi Erlendsson, Bergur H. Bergsson and others installing GPS and com-
munication equipment. Photos: Þorgils Ingvarsson and Benedikt G. Ófeigsson.
I C E L A N D I C M E T O F F I C E / A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 4
5
The magma intrusion from Bárðarbunga
to the eruption site at Holuhraun and
related tremor pulses
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE TOURISM SECTOR
IN SPAIN
By
Ana Gargallo-Castel
Department of Business Administration
University of Zaragoza, C/ Ciudad Escolar, s/n
44003 TERUEL, SPAIN
Phone: 00 34 978 61 81 01. Fax 00 34 978 61 81 03
Email: gargallo@unizar.es
Luisa Esteban-Salvador
Department of Finance and Accounting
University of Zaragoza, C/ Ciudad Escolar, s/n
/media/loftslag/ECONOMIC_EFFECTS_OF_CLIMATE_CHANGE_ON_THE_TOURISM_SECTOR_IN_SPAIN.pdf
/EPP 2
Stakeholders analysis
26 August 2011 PM/YZ/EPP 3
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/media/loftslag/Group5-Stakeholders_involvement.pdf
-
elled using precipitation data southwest of the gla-
cier. Results from the model compared well with re-
ported mass balance values for the period 1949–
2006, obtained correlations (r) for bw and bs varied
between 0.83 and 0.87 depending on model set up.
Reconstruction of the mass balance series for the
period 1924/1925–1948/1949 suggested a cumula-
tive mass deficit of c. 30 m w.e. mainly due
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
reached 25.7°C on the standard manned station outside the IMO offices, breaking the former record by 0.8°C. This is, indeed, rare as measurements in Reykjavík go back to the 1870s, and usually there are decades between temperatures above 23°C.
The last 10 years have been unusual in this respect. At the automatic station at the same site the maximum temperature was 26.4°C - also a record. Just
/about-imo/news/nr/1362
were carried out to obtain the flow and
sliding parameters for Hoffellsjökull that resulted in a good
simulation of the observed 20th century evolution of the
glacier geometry. The obtained values for the rate factor
and the sliding parameter are A= 4.6× 10−15 s−1 kPa−3 and
C = 10× 10−15 m a−1 Pa−3, respectively.
The ice divide is kept at a fixed location in the model com-
putations presented here
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
in Reykjavík were
only 17 and only once been fewer. The summer was exceptionally warm,
sunny, and dry in the North and East, the warmest on record in many
places in these regions and many maximum
temperature records were broken. The monthly mean temperature reached
14 °C at several stations
this summer. It is the first time that the monthly mean temperature
reaches 14°C at any station since
/about-imo/news/the-weather-in-iceland-in-2021
°C per decade would be expected. Afterwards, tem-
perature projections increasingly depend on specific emis-
sions scenarios (Figure 3.2). {WGI 10.3, 10.7; WGIII 3.2}
Since the IPCC’s first report in 1990, assessed projections have
suggested global averaged temperature increases between about 0.15
and 0.3°C per decade from 1990 to 2005. This can now be com-
pared with observed values of about 0.2
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
not representative of present or future climate
conditions?
Winter mean T in Helsinki (1961-2008)
1961-
20081961-
1990
Temperature (°C)
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-12 4
Simplest case: change in mean climate,
with no change in the magnitude of variability
If variability changes as well, the two tails of the distribution
(e.g., warm and cold) will be affected differently.
IPCC (2001
/media/ces/RaisanenJouni_CES_2010.pdf
Dashed lines encompass the V-shaped zone of tephra deposition. (c)
Oblique aerial view from west of the tephra plume at Grímsvötn on 2 November. Note the ashfall
from the plume. (Photo by M. J. Roberts.) (d) Weather radar image at 0400 UTC on 2 November.
The top portion shows its projection on an EW-vertical plane. The minimum detection height for
Grímsvötn is seen at 6 km, and the plume extends
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf