which are significantly lower com-
pared with similar beginning and end years. Consequently, for the 2004–50 period, the average
RCM warming rates of 0.29 K per decade over the ocean, and 0.35 K per decade over the land are
somewhat larger than for the reduced IPCC ensemble mean.
Additionally, the tabulated values of SAT differences between the 1961–90 control period and
either the 2021–50
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf
of snow avalanches agains dams and retarding obstacles:
A laboratory study of the interaction between supercritical, shallow flows and dams (IMO Int. Rep. 03038, 2003, authors K. M. Hákonardóttir, A. Hogg and T. Jóhannesson) (pdf 1.3 Mb)
Avalanche braking mound experiments with snow. Switzerland − March 2002 (IMO Int. Rep. 03023, 2003, authors K. M. Hákonardóttir, T. Jóhannesson, F
/avalanches/imo/lab/
:
Estimation of avalanche risk (IMO Rep. VÍ-R99001-ÚR01, authors K. Jónasson
S. Þ. Sigurðsson and Th. Arnalds) (pdf 0.5 Mb)
Avalanche hazard zoning in Iceland based on individual risk (Annals of Glaciology, 38, 285−290, 2004, authors Th. Arnalds, K. Jónasson and S. Þ. Sigurðsson) (pdf 0.4 Mb)
A map on a selected front page shows recent observations of avalanches. For user access
/avalanches/imo/hazard/
Regional hydrological droughts in north-western
Europe and associated weather types
Anne K. Fleig (1), Lena M. Tallaksen (1), Hege Hisdal (2) & David M. Hannah (3)
(1) University of Oslo, (2) Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, (3) University of Birmingham.
CES conference, Oslo, Norway, 31 May - 2 June 2010
Bewl Reservoir in southeast England, February 2006. (Photo: Reuters
/media/ces/AnneFleig_May2010_CES.pdf
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/media/loftslag/Group5-Stakeholders_involvement.pdf
an Hoek (1978) published a very often referenced picture showing observed crustal stresses by
plotting the depth against the ratio between the mean horizontal stress and the vertikal stress. This ratio
is often denoted k and thus k = (SH+Sh)/2/Sv. The main feature of the data set was the clear excess of
horizontal stresses at very shallow depths, especially above some 300m. A large number
/media/norsem/norsem_slunga.pdf
of the Westfjords. Assuming a standard ver-
tical temperature lapse rate of 6.5 K km 1, these differences in terrain elevation alone may be
responsible for absolute differences of up to 2 K between longterm averages of simulated and
measured surface air temperatures, possibly with opposite signs at nearby locations.
As shown in Figure 3 (b), differences in terrain elevation are reduced if the model
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
up to ~13 km height.
BY K. S. VOGFJÖRD, S. S. JAKOBSDÓTTIR,
G. B. GUDMUNDSSON, M. J. ROBERTS, K. ÁGÚSTSSON,
T. ARASON, H. GEIRSSON, S. KARLSDÓTTIR,
S. HJALTADÓTTIR, U. ÓLAFSDÓTTIR,
B. THORBJARNARDÓTTIR, T. SKAFTADÓTTIR,
E. STURKELL, E. B. JÓNASDÓTTIR, G. HAFSTEINSSON,
H. SVEINBJÖRNSSON, R. STEFÁNSSON, AND T. V. JÓNSSON
Research, 2005), which are complemented by
three continuous GPS stations
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf
rather than from the data directly. This
reduces the amount of data that needs to be disseminated to a few parameters, that describe each
wind speed distribution. Of the various probability density functions for boundary-layer wind
speeds, s, the 2-parameter Weibull distribution,
f (s;A;k) =
k
A
s
A
k 1
exp
s
A
k
; (1)
is the one most commonly employed for wind energy studies (Morgan
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
to avalances:
An overview of the need for avalanche protection measures in Iceland (IMO Rep. 96004, 1996, authors T. Jóhannesson, K. Lied, S. Margreth and F. Sandersen) [summary of IMO publication 96003/96004] (html)
Adaptation of the Swiss Guidelines for supporting structures for Icelandic conditions (IMO Int. Rep. 99013, 1999, authors T. Jóhannesson and S. Margreth) (pdf 0.1 Mb)
Addendum
/avalanches/imo/protective/