farvegarins undir jöklinum út frá rúmmáli vatns
sem þar hefur safnast fyrir benda til þess að viðnám gegn vatnsrennsli við jökul-
botn minnki eftir því sem líður á hlaupið. Undir lok hlaupsins runnu á bilinu 80–
90 m3 s 1 um farveg sem var einungis einn þriðji hluti af rúmmáli farvegar sem flutti
svipað vatnsmagn á fyrsta eða öðrum degi eftir að hlaupið hófst við jökuljaðar. Þessi
niðurstaða er
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
The
role of orography was found to be crucial in determining the precipitation dis-
tribution and amount.
Atmospheric flow over Iceland was simulated for the period January 1961
through June 2006 using version 3–7–3 of the PSU/NCAR MM5 mesoscale
model (Grell et al., 1995). The domain used is 123× 95 points, centered at
64◦ N and 19.5◦ W, with a horizontal resolution of 8 km. There are 23 vertical
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_91.pdf
developments (European Commission, Directorate-General for Research, Publication EUR 23339, 2009, ISBN 978-92-79-08885-8, ISSN 1018-5593, DOI 10.2777/12871. Edited by T. Jóhannesson, P. Gauer, P. Issler and K. Lied. Contributions by M. Barbolini, U. Domaas, T. Faug, P. Gauer, K. M. Hákonardóttir, C. B. Harbitz, D. Issler, T. Jóhannesson, K. Lied, M. Naaim, F. Naaim-Bouvet and L. Rammer) (pdf 1.6 Mb; high
/avalanches/imo/protective/
years, IMO has participated in extensive research supported by the European Commission, EC, and various other funds, which is meant to improve this situation. The results of the collective research were published in 2009 in a book called The design of avalanche protection dams - Recent practical and theoretical developments.
The design of protective measures in the run-out zones of avalanches
/about-imo/news/nr/1631
Research Basins (NRB) International Symposium and Workshop: 12 August - 18 August, 2009, Iqaluit-Pangnirtung-Kuujjuaq : [conference proceedings, field guide] /editors: Kathy L. Young, William Quinton.Toronto: York University, August 2009. bls. 285-289.
Snorrason, Á. & Harðardóttir, J. (2008). Climate and Energy Systems (CES) 2007-2010. A new Nordic energy research project. In O. G. B. Sveinsson, S. M
/ces/publications/nr/1936
The International Forestry Review 12(5), p 28.
Alam, A., Kilpeläinen, A. and Kellomäki, S. (2010). Forest biomass for energy production ? Potentials, management and risks under climate change. Conference on Future Climate and Renewable Energy: Impacts, Risks and Adaptation, 31.5. ? 2.6.2010, Oslo, Norway. Conference Proceedings pp. 50-51.
Kellomäki, S. (2007). In: J. Fenger (Ed.) Impacts of Climate Change
/ces/publications/nr/1939
), most of the earthquakes (80%)
occur in the upper crust down to 17 km in depth, a minority (19%) in the middle crust (17-31 km) and
only a few in the lower crust 31-45 km (1%) [1]. The seismogenic layer is less than 30 km in depth.
The layer seems to be rather uniform across Fennoscandia. We suggest that the middle to lower crustal
boundary may add compositional and rheological constraints
/media/norsem/norsem_korja.pdf
cubic kilometers of water), or a total of 540 ± 130 Gt. This corresponds
to 16 ± 4% of the volume of the glaciers around 1890. About half of this mass
was lost from 1994 to 2019 or 240 ± 20 Gt, which is about 9.6 ± 0.8 Gt / year
on average during that period. Vatnajökull has thinned by 45 m on average in
the period 1890–2019, Langjökull by 66 m and Hofsjökull by 56 m. This corresponds
/about-imo/news/new-article-on-glacier-changes-in-iceland-over-the-past-130-years
) Measured 1997 and 1999 ice surfaces of Lang‐
jökull and Hofsjökull, respectively. c) Steady‐state glacier
geometries after a few hundred year spin‐up with constant
mass balance forcing.
Figure 3: Simulated response of Langjökull (L), Hofsjökull (H)
and southern Vatnajökull (V) to climate change. The inset
numbers are projected volumes relative to the initial stable
ice geometries
/media/ces/ces_flyer_glacierssnowandice.pdf