with the general observation of a slowly fading activity in almost all other data sets.
Inter-event waiting time
For the Bárðarbunga caldera, inter-event waiting time for earthquakes equal to or larger than M5 has been plotted* during the four months period from the onset of events until 15 Dec 2014. On the y-axis, waiting time is given in hours. The x-axis shows the relevant earthquakes
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3039
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aversion should influence the first mover’s decision. The
98 Public Choice (2012) 151:91–119
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Public Choice (2012) 151:91–119 99
Table 1 The predicted effect of
intrinsic preferences on first and
second movers’ contributions
1st mover 2nd mover
Disadvantageous Negative None
inequity aversion
Advantageous None Positive
inequity
/media/loftslag/Public-Choice-2012---Teyssier---Inequity-and-risk-aversion-in-sequential-public-good-games.pdf
of melt water from glaciated
areas in long integrations for a warming climate.
Glacier dynamics
This problem can be qualitatively analysed by considering the continuity equation for ice vol-
ume, which may be expressed as
¶h
¶t
+
¶q
¶x
= b or
¶h
¶t
+~ ~q = b ; (1)
for a one-dimensional ice flow channel or an ice cap that flows in two horizontal dimensions,
respectively. h is ice thickness, q or ~q
/media/ces/ces-glacier-scaling-memo2009-01.pdf
the Fljótsdalsheiði region . . . . . . . 47
18 Seasonal mean wind power density within the Fljótsdalsheiði region . . . . . . . . 48
19 Directional mean wind power density within the Gufuskálar region . . . . . . . . . 49
20 Seasonal mean wind power density within the Gufuskálar region . . . . . . . . . . 50
21 Directional mean wind power density within the Hellisheiði region . . . . . . . . . 51
22 Seasonal mean
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
was observed in 1961-2008 (80% vs. 61%), whereas the difference in
January is only 9% (71% vs. 62%). In absolute terms, however, the projected warming
is larger in January than in April. Note that Fig. 3.1 hides the latter difference, because
the horizontal axis is scaled according to the range of interannual variability.
x The two observation-based distributions (1961-1990 and 1961-2008) differ
/media/ces/CES_D2.4_task1.pdf
we take the corresponding
data from the CMIP5 project.
Table 1. All GCMs and RCMs used in this study. If a model is available for any of the
domains Arctic-44, EURO-44, or EURO-11, it is marked with a v, but with an x if it is
unavailable.
Model name Type EURO-11 EURO-44 Arctic-44
CCCma-CanESM2 GCM x v v
COSMO-CLM4-8-17 RCM v v x
CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5 GCM v v x
IHCEC-EC-Earth GCM v v v
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2017/VI_2017_009.pdf
& Höskuldsson, 2008; Thordarson & Larsen,
2007). Highly active volcanic systems as Hekla, Katla, Bárðarbunga and Grímsvötn, have
explosive eruptions rates of 82%, 97%, 90% and 95%, respectively (Gudmundsson & Larsen,
2016; Larsen & Gudmundsson, 2016b, 2016a; Larsen & Thordarson, 2016). Volcanic eruptions
are quite common in Iceland and occur on average every two to five years (Larsen & Eiríksson
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_004.pdf
was therefore formed
by ice lifting and deformation induced by subglacial water pressures higher than ice
overburden pressure.
The discharge data and the derived size of the subglacial flood path, as indicated
by the volume of water stored subglacially, indicates a development towards more
efficient subglacial flow over the course of the jökulhlaup. Thus, a discharge in the
iii
range 80–90 m3 s 1
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf