and its size. .............................................. 25
Table 6 Tephra fallout conditions investigated to cause insulator flashover ............................ 28
Table 7 Tephra fallout conditions investigated to cause electrical tower, pole and line damage . 29
Table 8 Conversion between tephra load and tephra deposit thickness. .................................. 40
Table 9 Worst-case
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_004.pdf
frequency distributions for Re-
gion 1 derived with index flood model no. 6: bµ(D) = a(AP=Z)b ............................ 39
5
Appendix VI - Empirical and modeled daily flood frequency distributions for
Region 2 derived with index flood model no. 3: bµ(D) = a(APm)b ......................... 41
Appendix VII - Instantaneous Index flood models for Region 1. .......................... 43
Appendix VIII
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_001.pdf
during the day or at night, and
are most intense on the steep south-facing slopes of Vatnajökull, where wind speeds on otherwise
calm days can reach up to 6 m s 1 (Björnsson et al., 2005).
In this study, as described below, the natural variability of the low-level wind field over Iceland is
estimated through the use of two models, in combination with surface station measurements.
12
3 Methodology
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
POLICE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL PROTECTION AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Figure 2 Cross sections of repeated aerial measurements of the subsidence of the Bardarbunga caldera.
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER OF THE ICELANDIC POLICE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL PROTECTION AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Figure 3 Subsidence of the Bardarbunga caldera from the 16th of August2014. The measurements fit to an exponential
/media/jar/Factsheet_Bardarbunga_20150130.pdf
level 2-3 hours earlier (during peak flow) is seen on the debris-laden ice walls. Two people can be seen on the ice. Photo: Þorsteinn Þorsteinsson.
Measurements at the upwelling
Figure 6. Temperature measurement at the upwelling site. The scientist doing the measurement is connected to a safety line. A temperature recorder lowered into the water stores data in its memory, which later
/about-imo/news/2010/nr/2042
level 2-3 hours earlier (during peak flow) is seen on the debris-laden ice walls. Two people can be seen on the ice. Photo: Þorsteinn Þorsteinsson.
Measurements at the upwelling
Figure 6. Temperature measurement at the upwelling site. The scientist doing the measurement is connected to a safety line. A temperature recorder lowered into the water stores data in its memory, which later
/about-imo/news/nr/2042
and evapotranspiration to the
surface and groundwater system. The vegetation type deter-
mines the transpiration properties through the crop factor and
the root depth, and the fraction of precipitation that is
intercepted by the canopy. Land use changes can therefore
reduce or amplify future climate change induced hydrological
impacts in a catchment.
[3] A number of studies have focused on the effects
/media/loftslag/vanRoosmalen_etal-2009-WRR_2007WR006760.pdf