) noted that Iceland had a maritime
climate that was much milder than its position on the globe might suggest. In
data from 1981–2010, Iceland annual average temperatures ranged from 6°C at the
south coast to 3°C at the north coast, with a substantially colder highland
interior. In comparison with the latitudinal average for the same period, the
coastal temperatures in Iceland are 8–10°C warmer
/climatology/iceland/climate-report/
Dashed lines encompass the V-shaped zone of tephra deposition. (c)
Oblique aerial view from west of the tephra plume at Grímsvötn on 2 November. Note the ashfall
from the plume. (Photo by M. J. Roberts.) (d) Weather radar image at 0400 UTC on 2 November.
The top portion shows its projection on an EW-vertical plane. The minimum detection height for
Grímsvötn is seen at 6 km, and the plume extends
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf
the report.
2 Study area and data
2.1 River basins
The region under study is located in the East fjords and the surrounding area (Fig. 1). This region
is characterised by a complex topography along the coast, Vatnajökull ice cap in the southwest
and highlands in the interior. This leads to large precipitation and temperature gradients in the
region (Crochet et al., 2007; Crochet & Jóhannesson, 2011). Eight
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_007.pdf
by 25 % in the interior of Ice-
land, where the large ice caps are located (Nawri and Björns-
son, 2010).
Before year 2010, the glacier model is forced with daily
mean records constructed from the monthly mean observed
temperature and precipitation as previously explained. Pos-
sible natural variations in the climate are important for near-
future projections as the magnitude of the expected
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
Kjøllmoenet al. 2007).Storbreen is located just east of the main waterdivide between east and west in southern Norwayand receives precipitation from both directions(Liestøl 1967). The glacier is part of an east–west
mass balance transect in southern Norway where
mass turnover is largest near the western coast anddecreases towards the drier interior (Andreassen etal. 2005). Storbreen is in this respect
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
lake in a volcanic caldera in the interior of the Vatnajökull ice cap (Björns-
son, 1988). Jökulhlaups from Grímsvötn have been known since at least the fourteenth
century (Þórarinsson, 1939, 1974). In the beginning of the twentieth century there were
about ten years between outbursts but the floods diminished with time and became
more frequent. After a catastrophic, rapidly rising flood caused
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
scenario, precipitation increased by 10–15% from 1961–90 to
2070–99, and by 5–10% for the lower emitting scenarios (corresponding to approximately 0.5–1%
per decade).
The CE project also examined RCM results for Iceland based on the HIRHAM model (Haugen and
Iversen, 2006). These results showed enhanced warming over the interior of Iceland compared with
the coastal zone, and a tendency for enhanced
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf
örugt að fara fyrir Horn í um 10 sml frá landi en það yrði
að hafa góðan útvörð.
Kl.1341, kalla TFB og spyr um ETA í RVK, ETA um kl 1440.
Kl 1305, AIS umferð fyrir N- Horn. Vegna bilunnar í WS 1 var megináhersla lögð á ískönnun í
þessu flugi.
Flugskýrsla TF-SIF
12. desember 2010
Flug nr. 117410.025
Ískönnun.
Meginröndin lá um eftirtalda staði.
1. 67°47.0N 023
/media/hafis/skyrslur_lhg/Isskyrsla_20101212.pdf
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/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf