the report.
2 Study area and data
2.1 River basins
The region under study is located in the East fjords and the surrounding area (Fig. 1). This region
is characterised by a complex topography along the coast, Vatnajökull ice cap in the southwest
and highlands in the interior. This leads to large precipitation and temperature gradients in the
region (Crochet et al., 2007; Crochet & Jóhannesson, 2011). Eight
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_007.pdf
Correspondence to: G. Aðalgeirsdóttir
(gua@dmi.dk)
1 Introduction
Iceland (103 000 km2) lies in the North Atlantic Ocean, just
south of the Arctic Circle. Due to the warm Irminger Cur-
rent, the island enjoys a relatively mild and wet oceanic cli-
mate and a small seasonal variation in temperature. The av-
erage winter temperatures are around 0 ◦C near the southern
coast, where the average
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
• Methodology
• Key findings
• Conclusions
2
Forestry in Finland
1. Land area distribution 2. Species distribution
Total Forestry land 26.3 mill. ha
3. Growing stocks, increment and drain 4. Site type distribution
Source: Finnish Forest Research Institute, 2008
3
Forest management
Final felling
Timber
Energy biomass
Thinning
Timber
Pre-commercial or
energy biomass thinning
Regeneration Regeneration
4
/media/ces/Alam_Ashraful_CES_2010.pdf
than can be expected to originate from the cauldrons, three to four times the wa-
ter equivalent of the accumulation of snow over the watershed of the cauldrons. It has
been estimated that flow from the cauldrons, in addition to the jökulhlaups, could be
2–5 m3 s 1 at maximum (Vatnaskil, 2005). It is possible that part of the sulfate-rich
groundwater from the glacier comes from the cauldrons
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
6University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 7NOAA Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
*Author for correspondence. E-mail: cmilly@usgs.gov.
An uncertain future challenges water planners.
Published by AAAS
on July 12, 201
1
www.sciencemag.or
g
Downloaded from
1 FEBRUARY 2008 VOL 319 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org574
POLICYFORUM
combined with opera-
tions
/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf
to highly
negative summer balances, but also lower bw than
the average for 1949–2006. Calculated change in
specific mass balance for a ±1°C change in air tem-
perature was ±0.55 m w.e., whereas a ±10 % in-
crease in precipitation represented a change of ±
0.20 m w.e. Model results further indicated that for
a 2°C warming, the ablation season will be extend-
ed by c. 30 days and that the period
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
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/media/loftslag/VanderKeur_etal-2008-Uncertainty_IWRM-WARM.pdf
) noted that Iceland had a maritime
climate that was much milder than its position on the globe might suggest. In
data from 1981–2010, Iceland annual average temperatures ranged from 6°C at the
south coast to 3°C at the north coast, with a substantially colder highland
interior. In comparison with the latitudinal average for the same period, the
coastal temperatures in Iceland are 8–10°C warmer
/climatology/iceland/climate-report
) noted that Iceland had a maritime
climate that was much milder than its position on the globe might suggest. In
data from 1981–2010, Iceland annual average temperatures ranged from 6°C at the
south coast to 3°C at the north coast, with a substantially colder highland
interior. In comparison with the latitudinal average for the same period, the
coastal temperatures in Iceland are 8–10°C warmer
/climatology/iceland/climate-report/
The map shows the likelihood at a specific location, that the hourly
ground concentration of SO2 will exceed a threshold of 2600 µg/m3 dur-
ing summer season. The colour scale shows di?rent values (likelihood
smaller than 1% has no colour associated).
I C E L A N D I C M E T O F F I C E / A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 4
7
In the evening of 21 July 2014 a large rockslide oc-
curred in Askja
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf