those already reported. Oxygen was measured at
normal levels, so there is no evidence of carbon dioxide (CO2)
accumulation, but this was not measured on these devices. Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
was not detected in the cave.An addition hazard is the potential
for roof collapse. During another visit in the past week, an ice block sized
2*4*0.4 m was seen to have collapsed from a side wall near
/about-imo/news/gas-concentrations-in-the-hofsjokull-ice-cave
be displaced and wall plastering might be damaged. Severe damage of well-built dwellings is not expected. The intensity of a large earthquake in this region can reach levels VI-VII on the Mercalli Scale.
It is important to regularly remind all inhabitants in seismically active regions about potential earthquake hazards. People should review their own security measures and preparedness for a large
/about-imo/news/nr/3150
increase
Landslides also occur at central volcanoes without any
volcanic trigger. An example of this is the rockslide in Askja in 2014 where
long term subsidence of a caldera wall, formed in volcanic activity in 1875,
caused the slope instability. The slide is considered to be one of the biggest rock
slides event in Iceland during historical times. More about this landslide in Icelandic can
/volcanoes/volcanic-hazards/landslides/
in the slope of the caldera wall. The peak in tremor is subsequently caused by the debris fall into the lake. The following flood wave in the lake migrated several times back and forth, causing continuing but decreasing tremor that was seen during the next twenty minutes after the rockslide.
There is no evidence for a strong steam explosion in the earthquake data. However it can not be ruled out
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/2921
opportunity. Ármann Höskuldsson, IES, sent an illustrated account of the situation:
The fissure
All the active part of the fissure, at noon 12 September 2014. Photo: Ármann Höskuldsson.
The lava is still advancing in the riverbed of Jökulsá á Fjöllum. A narrow flow with heavy current is between the lava and the eastern wall of the riverbed. Occasionally, small steam explosives occur
/about-imo/news/nr/2985
opportunity. Ármann Höskuldsson, IES, sent an illustrated account of the situation:
The fissure
All the active part of the fissure, at noon 12 September 2014. Photo: Ármann Höskuldsson.
The lava is still advancing in the riverbed of Jökulsá á Fjöllum. A narrow flow with heavy current is between the lava and the eastern wall of the riverbed. Occasionally, small steam explosives occur
/about-imo/news/nr/2985/
flood (jökulhlaup) is not to be expected. Long-term conductivity measurements of Gígjukvísl suggest that meltwater is draining freely from Grímsvötn following a jökulhlaup from the lake last autumn.
Explosive activity was observed near the ice-wall just south of the crater/fissure where the main activity has been. Overall assessment: Very little changes since yesterday. Explosions continue, only
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/2180
the cloth or the spray bottle does not reach the
fan. The fan must be situated at a safe distance from the cloth, no closer than about two
meters. By no means spread the cloth over the fan itself.
8. If a fan is not available the cloth will still be effective, particularly if placed close to wall
heaters since there is more air flow in the proximity of heaters than in other places in the
home
/media/jar/UST_table_SO2_27112014-en.pdf
6University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 7NOAA Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
*Author for correspondence. E-mail: cmilly@usgs.gov.
An uncertain future challenges water planners.
Published by AAAS
on July 12, 201
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change. These values are not to be used for further research as they are preliminary and all rights to the data belong to the scientists who are acquiring and interpreting the data.
The participating institutions include: Icelandic Meteorological Office, Chalmers University of Technology, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Düsseldorf University of Applied Sciences, University of Palermo
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3001