The IFM was evaluated assuming that the target site was totally ungauged. A cross-validation
strategy was developed. Each of the twelve gauged sites presented in Fig. 1 was in turn con-
sidered as the ungauged "target" site i for which flood quantiles were required. The IFM was
recursively developed without using the AMF data from that site, and then used to infer the in-
dex flood (µi(D)) and flood
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
model
structural uncertainties. Requests for data were made and non-structured interviews used to gather conicting
knowledge about grouse dynamics, which, along with data and knowledge from the literature, was then analysed
by the researcher to construct alternative models for assessment.
Form IV: Back-End Participatory Modelling
This form brings in stakeholders exclusively to use the model, after
/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
by parametric methods. Hydrology Research 39, 425-436.
Jónsdóttir, J. F., Uvo, C. B. (2009). Long-term variability in precipitation and streamflow in Iceland and relations to atmospheric circulation. Int. J. Climatol. 29, 425-436. doi: 10.2166/nh.2008.002.
Lawrence, D., Haddeland, I. Uncertainty in hydrological modelling of climate change impacts in four Norwegian catchments. Hydrology Research
/ces/publications/nr/1943
on
deforestation in the Amazon. In this comparison I included two
well-known spatial modelling approaches (Laurance et al., 2001;
Soares-Filho et al., 2006) and a non-spatial general equilibrium
model (Cattaneo, 2002).
5.5.1. Qualitative comparison
Laurance et al. (2001) and Soares-Filho et al. (2006) have
proposed a number of qualitative scenarios for the Amazon forest.
Two comparable scenarios are termed
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
Infrastructure designers x x X XX X
Infrastructure builders x x XX X
Infrastructure operators x x x X X
Transport service
operators (freight;
passengers)
x x X X X X XX
(holders of) private cars,
motor bikes, etc.
XX
Non-motorised transport XX
Freighting clients X X XX XX
Storage; handling x X XX X
Tourism x X X X
Vehicle makers X XX
Support
/media/loftslag/Outline_for_the_case_Road_maintenance_in_a_changing_climate.pdf
Reykjavı´k IS-101, Iceland
2 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite´ de Toulouse, Laboratoire d’Etudes en Ge´ophysique et Oce´anographie Spatiale, Universite´ de
Toulouse, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse FR-31400, France
3 National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
Keywords
Remote sensing; glacier mass balance;
regional warming
/media/ces/Gudmundsson-etal-2011-PR-7282-26519-1-PB.pdf
/EPP 2
Stakeholders analysis
26 August 2011 PM/YZ/EPP 3
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/media/loftslag/Group5-Stakeholders_involvement.pdf
....................................................................................... 99
APPENDIX I. Daily tephra dispersal simulation .................................................................... 102
APPENDIX II. HEKLA 1980 – The likelihood of receiving tephra at different locations .... 104
APPENDIX III. KATLA 1918 – The likelihood of receiving tephra at different locations ... 107
APPENDIX IV. ÖRÆFAJÖKULL 1362
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_004.pdf
specified in the model study plan. Con-
sideration must be given to the spatial and temporal detail
required of a model, to the system dynamics, to the bound-
ary conditions and to how the model parameters can be de-
termined from available data. The need to model certain
processes in alternative ways or to differing levels of detail
in order to enable assessments of model structure uncer-
tainty should
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf