6University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 7NOAA Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
*Author for correspondence. E-mail: cmilly@usgs.gov.
An uncertain future challenges water planners.
Published by AAAS
on July 12, 201
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/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf
of Solar Irradiation
• Weather stations use pyranometers and pyrheliometers
• Campbell-Stokes Recorder - measures sunshine duration
UK Solar Resource
present and future
index clearnesssky clear averagemonthly
index clearnessdaily averagemonthly
sun block the cloudst significan nothat fraction time
where
=
=
=
clear
clear
K
K
f2
=
clear
clear K
Kf
Conversion
/media/ces/Burnett_Dougal_CES_2010.pdf
An extensive grass fire was raging for a few days in the west, starting on 30 March. This grass
fire is the largest known in Iceland, about 67 sq kilometers (6700 hectares) were burned. The
squads fighting the fire managed to shield all farmhouses in the very sparsely populated area.
The area will presumably recover in a few years as there is no forest there.
Reykjavík
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skylduskil/Ved-eng-2006.pdf
fractures, lava flows, gas pollution, flying hot rocks, minor tephra fallout, burning grass are the hazards currently affecting the eruption site.
Cloud height:The base of the volcanic cloud is discernible from the webcameras. The top of the plume today is getting higher than 2 km asl.
Other cloud information:The gas plume is well detected by satellite and occasionally it is possibly
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/volcanoes/vona-notifications/