-time and
detects signal characteristics similar to previously observed eruptions using a three-fold
detection procedure based on: 1) an amplitude threshold; 2) the signal-to-noise ratio; and 3) an
emergent ramp-like shape. Data from six Icelandic eruptions was used to assess and tune the
module, which can provide 10–15 minutes of warning for Hekla up to over two hours of
warning for some other
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2021/VI_2021_008.pdf
cover.
In Iceland and other countries located at around the same latitude and further north, low clouds are defined as clouds located up to 2 km in altitude and middle clouds from 2 km up to 4 km in altitude. A third cloud type, not shown on a specific map (however, the information appears on the map for total cloud cover), is high clouds which can reach from 3 km up to 8 km in altitude.
Main
/weather/articles/nr/1219
Extreme precipitation in Iceland: Climate
projections and historical changes in
precipitation type
Andréa-Giorgio R. Massad
Guðrún Nína Petersen
Halldór Björnsson
Matthew J. Roberts
Tinna Þórarinsdóttir
VÍ 2022-006
Skýrsla
Extreme precipitation in Iceland: Climate
projections and historical changes in
precipitation type
Andréa-Giorgio R. Massad
Guðrún Nína Petersen
Halldór Björnsson
Matthew
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2022/VI_2022_006_extreme.pdf
to movements of rocks/solidified lava inside the crater.
Gas measurements
Several measurements of gases have been done around and at the crater rim.
Walking across the lava field, CO and SO2 have been measured with the personal sensors. CO reached
values of 3 ppm, whereas SO2 up to 2.5 ppm.
MultiGAS instrument has been used for measuring concentrations of SO2, CO2, H2S and H2
/media/jar/field_report_04032015.pdf
but would have the form of a perfect characterisation of
natural variability.
3.4. The uncertainty matrix
The uncertainty matrix in Table 1 can be used as a too
get an overview of the various sources of uncertainty
a modelling study. The matrix is modified after Walke
et al. (2003) in such a way that it matches Fig. 3 and
that the taxonomy now gives ‘uncertainty type’ in descr
tions that indicate
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf