this period air quality and ozone measurements were started. The first national network of seismometers
was established. The first steps for snow avalanche observations were started and sea ice monitoring was systemized.
Big steps were taken regarding digital technologies which started by computer processing of hydrological data in
1964.
Bakkahyrna í Hnífsdal. Myndin er tekin 23. desember 1985
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the
installation of digital, automatic SIL (South Iceland Lowland) network in 1991 and totals
nearly one thousand events. In comparison, during the 8 year period between 1978 and
1985 only 3 events were detected in Eyjafjallajökull by the analogue, single component
Icelandic Seismograph Network (Einarsson and Brandsdóttir, 2000).
Three main seismic swarms have been recorded in Eyjafjallajökull during
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of subsidence decreased slowly
and terminated at around the same time as the eruption, on 27 Feb-
ruary 2015.
In the case of a volcanic eruption beneath ice, the need for inter-dis-
ciplinary action and teamwork is crucial for efficient monitoring.
Since the beginning of digital monitoring in the early nineties, there
have been six volcanic eruptions beneath glaciers in Iceland. Moni-
toring
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are the objective of this report, but not for short-term immediate
planning or evacuation during the first stages of an eruption.
The main inputs of the MrLavaLoba code are topography, eruption volume and vent location.
Lava does not flow like water and does not strictly follow the maximum downhill direction
(steepest descent path), although topography, represented by a Digital Elevation Model (DEM
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of the lake before the eruption (according to Digital Terrain Model, DTM, from ISOR).
Ice tunnel in Gígjökull
Gígjökull 11 June 2010: an ice tunnel can be seen above the main canyon in the palagonite. Another canyon has formed to the west. Photo: Emmanuel Pierre Pagneux.
Assessment - 17 June 2010 10:00
There is a wall of ice at the eastern, southern and western sides of the crater lake
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for this watershed. For this
reason, it was decided to compare the MM5 temperature to a gridded temperature data set
estimated by Crochet and Jóhannesson (2011), from the manual observation network.
These gridded temperature data are calculated with a tension-spline interpolation after
correction for elevation, using a 1-km Digital Terrain Model and a constant lapse-rate of
-6.5°C/km
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