the last two
decades, in 1994, 1996 and 1999.
The 1994 swarm began on 11 May and lasted until 27 June. Between 120 and 130
earthquakes were located during that period, mostly beneath the northern flank of the
volcano. Dahm and Brandsdóttir (1997) analyzed 15 selected earthquakes from the 1994
swarm which were also recorded on a temporary network. Lacking a velocity model for
Eyjafjallajökull
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_013.pdf
network used for monitoring crustal movement. The network is run by IMO in co-operation with other institutes, in Iceland and overseas.
At Selfoss, lateral displacement was 20 cm to the southeast and at Hveragerði 17 cm to the northwest. Landrise was 5 cm and 3.5 cm, respectively.
These tectonic changes are permanent and in concordance with a dextral fault through the mountain Ingólfsfjall
/about-imo/news/nr/1326
85 earthquakes have been detected since midnight, thereof 36 occurred in Bárðarbunga. The largest earthquake was of magnitude 5.5 at the southeastern rim of the caldera at 10:51. A recently mounted GPS station within the caldera showed about 20 cm subsidence at the same time. The second largest earthquake was of magnitude 4.8 at the northern rim of the caldera at 00:57. Two other earthquakes
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3001
on webcam observations
this morning.
21 September 2014 19:00 - from geoscientist on duty
About 85 earthquakes have been detected since midnight, thereof 36 occurred in
Bárðarbunga. The largest earthquake was of magnitude 5.5 at the southeastern rim of the
caldera at 10:51. A recently mounted GPS station within the caldera showed about 20 cm
subsidence at the same time. The second largest
/media/jar/Bardarbunga-2014_September-events.pdf
85 earthquakes have been detected since midnight, thereof 36 occurred in Bárðarbunga. The largest earthquake was of magnitude 5.5 at the southeastern rim of the caldera at 10:51. A recently mounted GPS station within the caldera showed about 20 cm subsidence at the same time. The second largest earthquake was of magnitude 4.8 at the northern rim of the caldera at 00:57. Two other earthquakes
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3001/
-Scale Category
R
a
t
i
o
N
i
g
h
t
t
o
O
t
h
e
r
T
i
m
e
s
Fatalities
Injuries
Casualties and Month
80
100
120
140
I
n
d
e
x
V
a
l
u
e
Fatalities
0
20
40
60
Jan
ua
ry
Feb
rua
ry
Ma
rch Apr
il
Ma
y
Jun
e Jul
y
Au
gus
t
Sep
tem
ber
Oct
obe
r
No
ve
mb
er
De
ce
mb
er
I
n
d
e
x
V
a
l
u
e
Injuries
Casualties: Weekends vs.
Weekdays
140.0739064
107.8746803
120
140
160
0
20
40
60
80
100
Index
/media/loftslag/Tornado_Impacts_-_FMI_Presentation.pdf
12 1 month 12
Columbia River Basin Water Resource Sensitivity
to PCM Climate Change Scenarios
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Portland-
Vancouver
Spring Flood
Control
Reliability
Portland-
Vancouver
Winter Flood
Control
Reliability
Autumn Firm
Power
Reliability
(November)
% of Control
Hydropower
Revenues
McNary
Instream
Target
Reliability
(April-
August)
Middle Snake
Agricultural
/media/ces/Lettenmaier_Dennis_CES_2010pdf.pdf
on volcanic activity
Earth science
Seismic monitoring (SIL network)
GPS measurements
Strain measurements
Hydrology
Water level gauges
Heat and conductivity measurements
Show early signs of volcanic activity under the ice caps.
Atmosphere
~220 weather stations (~120 automatic and ~100 manned stations)
Weather radar
Direct and indirect plume measurements
lightning sensors
radiosondes
SO2 measurements
/media/vedurstofan/myndasafn/Eyjafjallajokull_SK_20101214_1.pdf
repeated for
other Nordic stations, using observations
from the ECA&D dataset (http://eca.knmi.nl)
Results available in tabular format at:
http://www.atm.helsinki.fi/~jaraisan/CES_D2.4/Tables_T
http://www.atm. helsinki.fi/~jaraisan/CES_D2.4/Tables_P
Temperature: 120 stations
Precipitation: 230 stations
Example: June mean temperature at
station Oslo-Blindern
5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th
/media/ces/RaisanenJouni_CES_2010.pdf