; (1)
where N is the number of years between the elevation
maps, A1 is the average area (m2) of the ice cap over N
years, r is the scaling factor from the density of ice
(900 kg m3) to water (
1000 kg m3),
DV D ¯hA2; (2)
is the total volume loss (m3), D ¯h is the N year area-
average elevation change (m) for the whole ice cap and
A2 is the maximum area (m2) of the ice cap.
In this study we use
/media/ces/Gudmundsson-etal-2011-PR-7282-26519-1-PB.pdf