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/media/loftslag/2012-Refsgaard_etal-uncertainty_climate-change-adaptation-MITI343.pdf
heavy rain
5.4
July 2014 Árnestindur, Trékyllisvík in
Strandir
A few days of heavy rain prior
to the slide, permafrost in the
starting area
0.3
July 2014 Askja Snowmelt, sliding surface
connected to faults in the
caldera rim
20
Sep. 2017 Hamarsfjörður Heavy rain 0.8–1
July 2018 Fagraskógarfjall in Hítardalur High ground water pressure
due to long period of rain.
Instability
/media/frettir-myndasafn-2018/Big_landslides_Table_ENG.pdf
ANNUAL REPOR T 2014
2
I C E L A N D I C M E T O F F I C E / A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 4
?Veðurstofa Íslands 2015
Bústaðavegur 7–9, 108 Reykjavík, Iceland
The annual report was drafted by the IMO sta?.
Editor: Sigurlaug Gunnlaugsdóttir
Design and layout: Hvíta húsið
Printing: Oddi
ISSN 2251-5607
Cover photo: Gro Birkefeldt Møller Pedersen
I N D E X
4 Bárðarbunga
7 Rockslide
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
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Initial proposal 12 Catalogue of measures
Testing & revision 12 Revised catalogue of measures
Decision-making 2 Published catalogue of measures
*Objective Verifiable Indicators: the quantitative, qualitative, and time-bound measures that constitute evidence
/media/loftslag/Group5-Stakeholders_involvement.pdf
stiff machines) but also brittle stable slip. Cook studied the slip behaviour at different
pressures and temperatures. He found that at shallow depths one expect in general brittle and stable slip
(not unstable slip, earthquakes). This prevailed for the top 5 km of granitic crust. Between 5 and 20 km
depth one got brittle unstable slip and when temperature and depth increased one got eventually
/media/norsem/norsem_slunga.pdf
about 20-25% in 2010 to about 50% in 2050. Perhaps surprisingly,
a particularly high probability is found in Iceland, most likely as a result of the small
12
interannual variability there. As expected, the probability of very warn years rises even faster
than that of warm months – in northern Europe from typically 30-40% in 2010 to about 60-
80% in 2030 and to 85-95% or even more in 2050
/media/ces/CES_D2.4_task1.pdf
an 80 km2 ice-filled
caldera. The characteristic activity is explosive basaltic eruptions occurring on central volcano flanks or the
fissure swarm. Known eruptions have mostly been VEI 3-4 but occasionally VEI 5-6 (bulk volume of tephra up
to 10 km3). The largest eruptions occurred in the early Holocene, effusive basaltic eruptions on the fissure swarm
with lava volumes ≥20 km3. Eruption
/media/jar/Bardarbunga_kafli20140825.pdf
-
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Differences in average Q
/media/ces/ces_SA_group_flyer_new.pdf
the observed data sets are smaller in SW than in NE
• MMM overestimates precipitation, but is closer to observations in SW than
NE barb2right Better observational coverage in SW
SW
NE
p
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t
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(
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)
CES Conference, Oslo 31.5.-2.6.2010
SWNE
• Precipitation trends (mm / 10 yr) in 1961-2000 according to observations
and model simulations (MMM)
• Including the range
/media/ces/TietavainenHanna_CES_2010.pdf