events. . ........................................ 34
Figure 10. Histograms showing 3-hour accumulated observed and simulated precipitation over
72 hours for the three largest precipitation events at Laufbali. ................................................ 35
Figure 11. Heat maps showing daily precipitation from the ICRA dataset around the four nearest
grid-points to station Neskaupstaður
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_008.pdf
:
Type of the magma and its viscosityThe steepness of the slope surface.If the magma flows as one big spread or in a
narrow channel or a magma tunnel.The rate of the magma coming from the ventBasaltic magma can flow tens of kilometers from the eruption
vent and the margin of the lava can go up to 10 km/hour depending on slope.
Usually the transport time is shorter, but if the slope gradient
/volcanoes/volcanic-hazards/lava-flow/
such as tornadoes,
hail, lightning and dust storms. There is no clear trend in the annual
numbers of tropical cyclones. {WGI 3.2, 3.8, 4.4, 5.3, SPM}
2
Causes of change
Topic 2 Causes of change
36
Causes of change
This Topic considers both natural and anthropogenic drivers of
climate change, including the chain from greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions to atmospheric concentrations to radiative
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
Amplitude Measurement (RSAM) data are one of the most
important tools utilized in volcano observatories worldwide. The IMO’s monitoring office is
no exception, as this type of real-time data shows mid- to long-term trends, which is especially
important for monitoring active volcanic systems. The RSAM methodology was developed by
the USGS in 1989 (Murray & Endo, 1989) to plot averaged amplitude
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2021/VI_2021_008.pdf
Extreme precipitation in Iceland: Climate
projections and historical changes in
precipitation type
Andréa-Giorgio R. Massad
Guðrún Nína Petersen
Halldór Björnsson
Matthew J. Roberts
Tinna Þórarinsdóttir
VÍ 2022-006
Skýrsla
Extreme precipitation in Iceland: Climate
projections and historical changes in
precipitation type
Andréa-Giorgio R. Massad
Guðrún Nína Petersen
Halldór Björnsson
Matthew
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2022/VI_2022_006_extreme.pdf
on the surface type and cloud conditions. Compared with shortwave radiation, longwave
radiation fluxes are less dependent on the presence or absence of snow on the ground, and more
on cloud conditions. Relative net longwave radiation losses vary between a minimum of 5%
over the ocean with overcast conditions, and a maximum of 36% over the glaciers with clear
skies. Sensible heat fluxes remove between 2% (cloud
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf