) in 1956. During that time that ambitions of utilizing hydropower had changed from providing the public and
the sectors with electricity to aim for a large-scale utilization of hydropower for energy intensive industries. This came
to fruition in 1969 with the first aluminium smelter in Iceland. Today, energy intensive industry matches fisheries as a
key income sector for Icelandic society.
During
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_arsskyrsla2020.pdf
each time. Both are fully analysed to check for congruity.
Ambient air pumped for an hour into a ~10 litre aluminium container, thereby collecting a compressed sample of great volume, done weekly or semi-monthly depending on season. Various components are analysed, investigating the stability of atmospheric composition.
Twenty-four-hour samples of airborne particles blown from the sea
/pollution-and-radiation/pollution/components/
the largest in North America from 1971
square4 Watershed 177,000 km²
square4 3,000 km of new roads
square4 7 transmissions lines + 7,000 km(735 kV)
square4 9 reservoirs, total area ± 14,000 km2
square4 9 power plants : 16,500 MW
square4 +2 under construction: 17,500 MW
square4 A first and a last
A
La Grande-2 and La Grande-2A
Electricity Consumption / Capita
( kWh, 2005)
Aluminium (90
/media/ces/Demers_Claude_CES_2010.pdf
catchments. Hydrology Research (Accepted - In press).
Olsson, J., Yang, W., Graham, L.P., Rosberg, J., & Andréasson, J. (Submitted to Tellus, 2009) Hydrological climate change impacts on inflows to Lake Vänern, Sweden: An ensemble approach.
Veijalainen, N., Dubrovin, T., Marttunen, M. & Vehviläinen, B. (2010). Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources and Lake. Regulation in the Vuoksi Watershed
/ces/publications/nr/1938
the past 2 decades. Summer ablation was found to be less than 50% of the 1995 - 2014 average.
Fig. 3 (enlarge). Ablation stake (white) near the northern margin of Hofsjökull on October 9th 2015 at a height of 980 m. A yellow indicator gives the height of the aluminium stake, whereas the red bar shows the typical stake height during years with negative mass balance. Photo: Bergur Einarsson
/about-imo/news/nr/3229
6University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 7NOAA Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
*Author for correspondence. E-mail: cmilly@usgs.gov.
An uncertain future challenges water planners.
Published by AAAS
on July 12, 201
1
www.sciencemag.or
g
Downloaded from
1 FEBRUARY 2008 VOL 319 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org574
POLICYFORUM
combined with opera-
tions
/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf