Seismic Activity at Volcanoes in
Vatnajökull Ice Cap
Kristín S. Vogfjörd,
21 May 2011
Volcanoes in Vatnajökull ice-cap
Seismic activity is increasing
1996 Gjálp
2004 Grímsvötn
Number of Earthquakes
per year
1998 Grímsvötn
vogfjord@vedur.is
Rel. located events Selected
lat,lon<0.5 km
depth<1 km
vogfjord@vedur.is
Loki
/media/jar/KSV_eq_locations.pdf
örugt að fara fyrir Horn í um 10 sml frá landi en það yrði
að hafa góðan útvörð.
Kl.1341, kalla TFB og spyr um ETA í RVK, ETA um kl 1440.
Kl 1305, AIS umferð fyrir N- Horn. Vegna bilunnar í WS 1 var megináhersla lögð á ískönnun í
þessu flugi.
Flugskýrsla TF-SIF
12. desember 2010
Flug nr. 117410.025
Ískönnun.
Meginröndin lá um eftirtalda staði.
1. 67°47.0N 023
/media/hafis/skyrslur_lhg/Isskyrsla_20101212.pdf
ll
l
ll l l
l l
l
l l
l
l l
l
H1−ROI: 0.848
H1−ROI+vhm167: 1.69
Figure I.3. As Fig. I.I but for vhm238 (top-left), vhm144 (top-right), vhm145 (bottom-left),
vhm167 (bottom-right).
28
Appendix II - Index flood estimation at gauged sites treated
as ungauged.
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l l
l
ll
0 400 800 1200
0
50
0
100
0
150
0
Pred. (m³/s)
R
ef
. (m
³/s
)
µ(D)=(θ0)(A)(θ1)
Rel. RMSE= 0.87
NS= 0.8
MAE= 83
l
l
l
l
l
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
Dashed lines encompass the V-shaped zone of tephra deposition. (c)
Oblique aerial view from west of the tephra plume at Grímsvötn on 2 November. Note the ashfall
from the plume. (Photo by M. J. Roberts.) (d) Weather radar image at 0400 UTC on 2 November.
The top portion shows its projection on an EW-vertical plane. The minimum detection height for
Grímsvötn is seen at 6 km, and the plume extends
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf
6University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 7NOAA Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
*Author for correspondence. E-mail: cmilly@usgs.gov.
An uncertain future challenges water planners.
Published by AAAS
on July 12, 201
1
www.sciencemag.or
g
Downloaded from
1 FEBRUARY 2008 VOL 319 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org574
POLICYFORUM
combined with opera-
tions
/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf
the precipitation for
flat land stations in the North (red boxes in Fig. 1). This is particularly true in
northerly flow. For stations situated in orography that is obviously not resolved
by the model (black boxes in Fig. 1), the somewhat expected result of huge rel-
ative errors is clearly visible.
Figure 2: Data from Stórhöfði, S-Iceland, accumulated 24 hour precipitation [mm] (observed
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf